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| List of Tables | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| List of Abbreviations | |
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| Introduction: Why EU Law and IR Theory? Uncovering the Scope of European Defence Cooperation | |
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| Mapping European Defence Cooperation: Patterns of Competition and Complementarity in the Architecture of European Defence | |
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| The context of European defence cooperation: Changing security threats and the emergence of military Isomorphism in post-Cold War Europe | |
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| NATO in the post-Cold War era: Developing the capacity to deploy expeditionary force across the conflict spectrum | |
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| Defence procurement initiatives in post-Cold War Europe | |
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| Force generation initiatives in the post-Cold War Europe | |
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| CSDP: The growth of European military autonomy | |
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| Helsinki to Lisbon: Furnishing the EU with the institutional structures and military capabilities for defence autonomy | |
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| NATO and CSDP: Competition and complementarity | |
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| Missing pieces of the puzzle: Institutional and military capability gaps in CSDP | |
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| The Legal Underpinnings of European Defence Cooperation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Historical context | |
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| The legal framework of CSDP | |
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| The ESDP prior to the Treaty of Lisbon | |
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| The CSDP and the Treaty of Lisbon | |
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| The Lisbon Treaty's mutual assistance clause | |
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| The Lisbon Treaty's flexibility provisions | |
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| The institutional architecture of CSDP | |
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| The High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy | |
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| The CJEU and the overlap between security and other EU policies | |
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| CSDP: Still an intergovernmental affair | |
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| The Application of EU Law in Defence Collaboration and Armament Procurement: Towards a More Systematic and Institutionalised Form of Cooperation | |
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| A state-centric defence equipment market | |
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| The Commission's EU defence equipment policy 'package' | |
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| The interpretation of the exception system under Article 346 TFEU | |
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| The Defence Procurement Directive 2009/81/EC | |
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| Directive 2009/43 on intra-EU transfers of defence products | |
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| EU capability procurement initiatives | |
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| The EDA | |
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| Collaborative procurement initiatives outside the EU framework | |
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| OCCAR | |
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| NATO capability procurement initiatives | |
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| Defence procurement initiatives outside the EU and NATO frameworks | |
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| The Lol | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Theoretical Contestation on European Defence Cooperation | |
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| Constructivism and European defence cooperation | |
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| Towards a European strategic culture? | |
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| Governance and European defence cooperation | |
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| The Europeaniszation of national defence policies | |
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| Liberal intergovernmentalism and European defence cooperation | |
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| Two-level games theory and European defence cooperation | |
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| Institutionalism and European defence cooperation | |
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| Classical realism and European defence cooperation | |
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| The neglect of material power in the study of European defence: Neorealism as a 'straw man' | |
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| Explaining European Defence Cooperation: Neorealism and the Contradictory Imperatives of the International System | |
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| The core premises of neorealism: Consensus and contestation within neorealist thought | |
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| Europe in the post-Cold War era: Systemic unipolarity and regional balanced multipolarity | |
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| European defence cooperation as reformed bandwagoning | |
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| Understanding differentiation in defence: Variance in external vulnerability and the trade-off between abandonment and entrapment | |
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| France: Vulnerability to German power and the legacy of empire | |
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| The United Kingdom: Dependency on US power for global influence | |
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| Germany: The vulnerabilities of semi-sovereignty and the European Mittellage | |
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| Conclusions: The Destination of European Defence Cooperation | |
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| The lessons for European defence: Enduring uncertainty and the limits to the scope and depth of cooperation | |
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| Avenues for future theoretical research: Deepening our understanding of systemic variables in defence cooperation | |
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| Theorising the role of domestic-level variables in European defence cooperation | |
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| Future research directions for legal and IR scholarship on European defence | |
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| Notes | |
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| Select Bibliography | |
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| Index | |