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| The Science of Historical Geology | |
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| Why Study Earth History? | |
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| Geology Lives in the Present and the Past | |
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| A Way to Solve Problems: The Scientific Method | |
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| E N R I C H M E N T Scientific Discoveries Must be Tested | |
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| Three Great Themes in Earth History | |
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| What Lies Ahead? | |
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| Early Geologists Tackle History's Mysteries | |
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| The Intrigue of Fossils | |
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| An Early Scientist Discovers Some Basic Rules | |
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| European Researchers Unravel the Succession of Strata | |
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| Neptunists and Plutonists Clash | |
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| Uniformitarianism: James Hutton Recognizes that the Present is Key to the Past | |
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| The Principle of Fossil Succession | |
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| The Great Uniformitarianism-Catastrophism Controversy | |
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| The Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships | |
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| Evolution: How Organisms Change Through Time | |
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| Earth History in America | |
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| Time and Geology | |
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| Finding the Age of Rocks: Relative Versus Actual Time | |
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| A Scale of Geologic Time | |
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| Actual Geologic Time: Clocks in the Rocks | |
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| Radioactivity Provides a Way to Date Rocks | |
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| What Occurs When Atoms Decay? | |
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| The Principal Radioactive Timekeepers | |
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| How Old is Earth? | |
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| Rocks and Minerals: Documents That Record Earth's History | |
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| Minerals as Documents of Earth History | |
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| Minerals and Their Properties | |
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| Common Minerals that Form Rocks | |
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| Earth's Three Great Rock Families and How They Formed | |
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| Igneous Rocks: "Fire-Formed" | |
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| Sedimentary Rocks: Layered Pages of History | |
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| Metamorphic Rocks: Changed without Melting | |
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| The Sedimentary Archives | |
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| Tectonic Setting is the Biggest Factor in Sediment Deposition | |
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| Environments Where Deposition Occurs | |
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| What Rock Color Tells Us | |
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| What Rock Texture Tells Us | |
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| E N R I C H M E N T You Are the Geologist | |
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| What Sedimentary Structures Tell Us | |
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| What Four Sandstone Types Reveal About Tectonic Setting | |
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| Limestones and How They Form | |
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| Organizing Strata to Solve Geologic Problems | |
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| Sea-Level Change Means Dramatic Environmental Change | |
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| Stratigraphy and the Correlating of Rock Bodies | |
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| Unconformities: Something is Missing | |
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| Depicting the Past | |
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| G E O L O G Y O F N A T I O N A L P A R K S A N D MO N UME N T S Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona | |
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| Life on Earth: What Do Fossils Reveal? | |
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| Fossils: Surviving Records of Past Life | |
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| E N R I C H M E N T Amber, the Golden Preservative | |
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| E N R I C H M E N T The Mazon Creek Lagerst€atte | |
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| Figuring Out How Life is Organized | |
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| Evolution: Continuous Changes in Life | |
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| The Case for Evolution | |
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| E N R I C H M E N T Earbones Through the Ages | |
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| Fossils and Stratigraphy | |
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| Fossils Indicate Past Environments | |
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| How Fossils Indicate Paleogeography | |
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| How Fossils Indicate Past Climates | |
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| An Overview of the History of Life | |
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| Life on Other Planets: Are We Alone? | |
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| Plate Tectonics Underlies All Earth History | |
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| Earthquake Waves Reveal Earth's Mysterious Interior | |
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| Earth's Internal Zones | |
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| Earth's Two Types of Crust | |
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| Plate Tectonics Ties It All Together | |
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| Drifting Continents | |
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| Evidence for Continental Drift | |
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| Paleomagnetism: Ancient Magnetism Locked Into Rocks | |
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| Today's Plate Tectonics | |
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| What Happens At Plate Margins? | |
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| What Drives Plate Tectonics? | |
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| Verifying Plate Tectonics Theory | |
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| E N R I C H M E N T Rates of Plate Movement | |
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| Thermal Plumes, Hotspots, and Hawaii | |
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| Exotic Terranes | |
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| Broken, Squeezed, or Stretched Rocks Produce Geologic Structures | |
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| G E O L O G Y O F N A T I O N A L P A R K S A N D M O N U M E N T S Hawaii Volcanoes National Park | |
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| The Earth's Formative Stages and the Archean Eon | |
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| Earth in Context: A Little Astronomy | |
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| E N R I C H M E N T The Origin of the Universe | |
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| A Solar System Tour, From Center to Fringe | |
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| Following Accretion, Earth Differentiates | |
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| The Primitive Atmosphere- Virtually No Oxygen | |
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| The Primitive Ocean and the Hydrologic Cycle | |
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| Origin of Precambrian "Basement" Rocks | |
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| The Origin of Life | |
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| G E O L O G Y O F N A T I O N A L P A R K S A N D M O N U M E N T S Voyageurs National Park | |
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| In Retrospect | |
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| The Proterozoic: Dawn of a More Modern World | |
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| Highlights of the Paleoproterozoic (2.5 to 1.6 billion years ago) | |
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| E N R I C H M E N T The 18.2-Hour Proterozoic Day | |
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| Highlights of the Mesoproterozoic (1.6 to 1.0 billion years ago) | |
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| E N R I C H M E N T BIF: Civilization's Indispensable Treasure | |
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| Highlights of the Neoproterozoic (1.0 to | |
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| million years ago) | |
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| Proterozoic Rocks South of the Canadian Shield | |
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| E N R I C H M E N T Heliotropic Stromatolites | |
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| Proterozoic Life | |
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| Early Paleozoic Events | |
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| Dance of the Continents | |
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| Some Regions Tranquil, Others Active | |
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| Identifying the Base of the Cambrian | |
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| Early Paleozoic Events | |
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| Cratonic Sequences: The Seas Come in, the Seas Go Out | |
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| The Sauk and Tippecanoe Sequences | |
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| Way Out West: Events in the Cordillera | |
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| Deposition in the Far North | |
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| Dynamic Events in the East | |
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| G E O L O G Y O F N A T I O N A L P A R K S Jasper National Park | |
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| E N R I C H M E N T A Colossal Ordovician Ash Fall: Was it a Killer? | |
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| The Caledonian Orogenic Belt | |
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| E N R I C H M E N T The Big Freeze in North Africa | |
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| Aspects of Early Paleozoic Climate | |
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| Late Paleozoic Events | |
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| The Seas Come in, the Seas Go Out | |
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| Unrest Along the Western Margin of the Craton | |
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| E N R I C H M E N T The Wealth of Reefs | |
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| To the East, A Clash of Continents | |
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| Sedimentation and Orogeny in the West | |
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| Europe During the Late Paleozoic | |
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| Gondwana During the Late Paleozoic | |
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| Climates of the Late Paleozoic | |
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| Mineral Products of the Late Paleozoic | |
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| G E O L O G Y O F N A T I O N A L P A R K S A N D MO N U M E N T S Acadia National Park | |
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| Life of the Paleozoic | |
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| Animals with Shells Proliferate-and So Does Preservation | |
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| The Cambrian Explosion of Life: Amazing Fossil Sites in Canada and China | |
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| The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event | |
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| A Variety of Living Strategies | |
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| Protistans: Creatures of a Single Cell | |
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| Marine Invertebrates Populate the Seas | |
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| E N R I C H M E N T The Eyes of Trilobites | |
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| Advent of the Vertebrates | |
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| The Rise of Fishes | |
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| Conodonts: Valuable But Enigmatic Fossils | |
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| Advent of Tetrapods | |
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| Plants of the Paleozoic | |
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| E N R I C H M E N T A Walk Through an Ancient Rainforest | |
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| Mass Extinctions | |
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| Mesozoic Events | |
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| The Breakup of Pangea | |
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| The Mesozoic in Eastern North America | |
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| The Mesozoic in Western North America | |
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| G E O L O G Y O F N A T I O N A L P A R K S A N D MO N U M E N T S Zion National Park | |
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| E N R I C H M E N T Did Seafloor Spreading Cause Cretaceous Epicontinental Seas? | |
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| The Tethys Sea in Europe | |
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| G E O L O G Y O F N A T I O N A L P A R K S A N D MO N U M E N T S Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument | |
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| Gondwana Events | |
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| E N R I C H M E N T Chunneling Through the Cretaceous | |
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| Life of the Mesozoic | |
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| Climate Controls It All | |
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| Mesozoic Invertebrates | |
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| Mesozoic Vertebrates | |
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| Dinosaurs: "Terrifying Lizards" | |
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| G E O L O G Y O F N A T I O N A L P A R K S A N D MO N U M E N T S Dinosaur National Monument | |
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| Dinosaurs: Cold-blooded, Warm-blooded, or Both? | |
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| Dinosaur Parenting | |
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| E N R I C H M E N T Can We Bring Back the Dinosaurs? | |
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| Flying Reptiles | |
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| Dragons of the Seas | |
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| The Rise of Modern Birds | |
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| E N R I C H M E N T The Archaeopteryx Controversy | |
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| The Mammalian Vanguard | |
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| Sea Plants and Phytoplankton | |
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| Land Plants | |
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| Late Cretaceous Catastrophe | |
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| E N R I C H M E N T Bolides and Modern Day Catastrophism | |
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| Cenozoic Events | |
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| The Tectonics-Climate Connection | |
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| Stability and Erosion Along the North American Eastern Margin | |
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| Gulf Coast: Transgressing and Regressing Sea | |
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| The Mighty Cordillera | |
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| E N R I C H M E N T Oil Shale | |
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| Creating the Basin and Range Province | |
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| G E O L O G Y O F N A T I O N A L P A R K S A N D MO N UME N T S Badlands National Park, South Dakota | |
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| E N R I C H M E N T Hellish Conditions in the Basin and Range Province | |
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| Colorado Plateau Uplift | |
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| Columbia Plateau and Cascades Volcanism | |
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| Sierra Nevada and California | |
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| The New West Coast Tectonics | |
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| Meanwhile, Drama Overseas | |
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| Big Freeze: The Pleistocene Ice Age | |
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| What Caused the Ice Age? | |
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| Cenozoic Climates: Global Warming Then Cooling | |
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| Life of the Cenozoic | |
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| Grasslands Expand, Mammals Respond | |
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| Plankton | |
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| Marine Invertebrates | |
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| Vertebrates | |
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| Mammals | |
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| Monotremes | |
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| Marsupials | |
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| Placental Mammals | |
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| E N R I C H M E N T How the Elephant Got Its Trunk | |
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| Demise of the Pleistocene Giants | |
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| Human Origins | |
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| Primates | |
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| Modern Primates | |
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| Primate Beginnings | |
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| The Early Anthropoids | |
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| The Australopithecine Stage and the Emergence of Hominins | |
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| A Species in Transition: Australopithecus Sediba | |
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| The Homo Erectus Stage | |
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| Final Stages of Human Evolution | |
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| E N R I C H M E N T Being Upright: Good News, Bad News | |
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| E N R I C H M E N T Neandertal or Neanderthal? | |
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| E N R I C H M E N T Neandertal Ritual | |
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| Humans Arrive in the Americas | |
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| Human Population: | |
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| Billion and Growing | |
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| What Lies Ahead? | |
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| Index | |