Introduction | p. 11 |
Terrorism Strikes Home | p. 11 |
Defining Terrorism: Problems and Perspectives | p. 12 |
The Post 9-11 Rush to Pin the Terrorist Label | p. 13 |
A Definition of Terrorism | p. 14 |
Monitoring Terrorism | p. 15 |
The Contents of This Book | p. 16 |
The Central Questions of This Research | p. 18 |
A "Practical" Reason for Examining the Charge Against Washington | p. 19 |
Assigning Guilt for the Support of Terrorism | p. 20 |
State Terrorism and Silence: Hamburg | p. 20 |
The School of the Americas and Terror in El Salvador | p. 22 |
The School of the Americas | p. 22 |
El Salvador: The Seminal Revolt and Massacre | p. 26 |
Washington Teaches and Underwrites Counterinsurgency | p. 28 |
Counterinsurgency Ideology | p. 29 |
Counterinsurgency Manuals Prescribe the Use of Terrorism | p. 30 |
Counterinsurgency Operationalized in El Salvador | p. 30 |
The Un Truth Commission on El Salador | p. 32 |
The Reception of the UN Report | p. 32 |
The Organization of the Truth Commission | p. 34 |
Truth Commission Findings: Government Terrorism and Repression, Not Guerrilla Warfare | p. 35 |
Death Squads | p. 36 |
The Rape and Killing of Nuns | p. 38 |
The Aftermath | p. 40 |
Rewards and Punishments | p. 40 |
Conclusion | p. 41 |
Guatemala: A Country Incommunicado | p. 43 |
Why Guatemala? | p. 43 |
Assigning Blame for Violence in Guatemala | p. 45 |
The Silence of the Terrorized | p. 47 |
Counterinsurgency Training | p. 48 |
Targeting Women and Children | p. 48 |
Training for Terror and Massacres | p. 52 |
Learning the Step of Death | p. 53 |
The Report of the Archdiocese of Guatemala City | p. 53 |
The Charge of Genocide | p. 57 |
The Intent to Commit Genocide | p. 58 |
The Key Role of the Army and Intelligence Agencies | p. 60 |
Washington's Complicity | p. 61 |
The Aftermath | p. 63 |
A Bishop Is Beaten to Death | p. 63 |
An Ongoing Atmosphere of Impunity | p. 64 |
Chile: The Forgotten Past is Full of Memory | p. 67 |
Why Chile? | p. 67 |
Denying Social Change Through Electoral Processes | p. 68 |
CIA Efforts to Prevent Allende Taking Office | p. 68 |
Making the Chilean Economy "Scream" | p. 69 |
Strengthening the Chilean Military | p. 70 |
The Coup of September 11, 1973 | p. 71 |
The Pinochet Regime | p. 71 |
The Chilean National Commission on Truth and Reconciliation | p. 72 |
The Victims of the Repression | p. 73 |
Intelligence Agencies, the Counterinsurgency Doctrine, and Torture | p. 76 |
The National Intelligence Directorate (DINA) | p. 76 |
Evaluating the Extent of Washington's Complicity | p. 78 |
Counterinsurgency Doctrine | p. 79 |
CNI, The Successor to DINA | p. 80 |
Terror and Torture by the Pinochet Regime | p. 81 |
Internal Support for the Dictatorship | p. 83 |
Washington's Reaction to State Terrorism in Chile | p. 85 |
The Aftermath | p. 90 |
The General Visits, Shops, Has an Operation, Is Charged With Murder, Then Returns Home | p. 90 |
Conclusion | p. 91 |
Argentina's Dirty War | p. 93 |
Another Coup Waging Law and Order | p. 93 |
Nunca Mas: Report of the Argentine Commission on the Disappeared | p. 94 |
Organization of the Commission | p. 94 |
Argentinian State Terrorism | p. 96 |
The Victims | p. 96 |
Class War | p. 98 |
The Church | p. 98 |
The Systematic Sowing of Terror | p. 99 |
How Impunity Functions | p. 99 |
The Government Tortures and Disappears Its Victims | p. 100 |
Washington's Support for State Terrorism in Argentina | p. 102 |
Aid Replacement and Increased Trade | p. 102 |
Military Support | p. 103 |
Teaching Them "How We Think" | p. 104 |
Diplomatic Support | p. 105 |
The Aftermath | p. 106 |
The Theory of the Two Devils | p. 106 |
Some Closing Remarks for the Chapter | p. 107 |
South Africa, Apartheid, and Terror | p. 109 |
Apartheid | p. 109 |
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission Report | p. 111 |
Introduction | p. 111 |
Gross Human Rights Violations: Pretoria and the Inkatha | p. 113 |
Gross Human Rights Violations: the ANC and PAC | p. 117 |
The Guilt of Civil Society | p. 119 |
Applying Terror | p. 120 |
Killings | p. 120 |
Detention Without Trial | p. 121 |
Torture | p. 122 |
Washington's Policy Toward South Africa | p. 125 |
Introduction | p. 125 |
From Truman to Carter | p. 126 |
Reagan and Botha: "From Repression to Criminal Activity" | p. 131 |
The Impact of Pretoria's Total Strategy on Neighboring Countries | p. 136 |
Washington, South Africa and Weapons of Mass Destruction | p. 142 |
Chemical and Bacteriological Weapons | p. 142 |
Nuclear Weapons | p. 142 |
Brief Comments on the Chapter | p. 144 |
Indonesia: Three Series of Massacres | p. 145 |
The Anti-Communist Massacres: Indonesia | p. 145 |
The PKI: An Historic U.S. Obsession | p. 145 |
A Political Party Falls Victim to Massacres | p. 148 |
Welcoming the Suharto Regime | p. 150 |
The First East Timor Massacres | p. 152 |
The Santa Cruz Massacre | p. 155 |
Some Conclusions | p. 158 |
The Second East Timor Massacres | p. 158 |
Conclusion | p. 161 |
The Root Doctrine and Some Notorious Instances of U.S. Support for Dictators | p. 162 |
The Root Doctrine | p. 162 |
Nicaragua, The Somozas, and The Sandanistas: From Coolidge to Bush, Sr. | p. 165 |
The Congo: From Kennedy to Bush, Sr. | p. 168 |
The Khmer Rouge: From Carter to Bush, Sr. | p. 169 |
Conclusion | p. 171 |
The Roots of the War on Terrorism: Washington's Policies in the Middle East | p. 172 |
Washington Installs and Supports the Shah of Iran | p. 172 |
Saddam Hussein, 1979-1990: "Our S.O.B." | p. 174 |
The First Persian Gulf War | p. 175 |
WMD for Use Against Iran and the Kurds | p. 177 |
The Second Persian Gulf War: Washington Turns on Saddam | p. 179 |
Washington's Complicity in Israeli State Terrorism | p. 181 |
The Partition of Palestine | p. 181 |
The Ethnic Cleansing of the Palestinians | p. 182 |
The Fate of the Palestinians | p. 182 |
Violations of the Rights of the Palestinians | p. 183 |
The Israeli Nuclear Bomb | p. 185 |
Washington's Support for Israel | p. 186 |
The "Peace Process" | p. 186 |
The Road Map | p. 188 |
Conclusion | p. 189 |
The War on Terrorism | p. 190 |
The Nature of the War on Terrorism | p. 190 |
The Bush Administration Projects a Dangerous New World | p. 190 |
Upgrading U.S. War-making Capacity | p. 191 |
Afghanistan: No end in Sight | p. 193 |
The Guantanamo Bay Prisoners: A Public Assault on the Rights of Detainees | p. 197 |
Pakistan and Terrorism | p. 198 |
Uzbekistan | p. 199 |
An Afghan Warlord | p. 199 |
The Treatment of Arab and Muslim Immigrants in the U.S. | p. 200 |
The Third Persian Gulf War | p. 201 |
Congress Approves Preemption, the UN Declines | p. 201 |
Protest by the Public and by International Lawyers | p. 202 |
International Lawyers | p. 202 |
Religious and Ethical Opposition | p. 203 |
World Public Opinion and the War | p. 205 |
Operation Iraqi Freedom | p. 206 |
In Search of Weapons of Mass Destruction | p. 207 |
Postwar Plans: Postwar Chaos | p. 208 |
Domestic Casualties of War: State and Local Government | p. 211 |
Counterterrorism: The Root Doctrine Gets a Face-Lift | p. 212 |
Russia and the Chechens | p. 212 |
Algeria and the Islamic Salvation Front | p. 213 |
Colombia | p. 214 |
Conclusions and Recommendations | p. 216 |
The Major Findings of the Study | p. 216 |
Washington as the Supplier of Arms to the World and Aid to the Violators of Human Rights | p. 219 |
Quantifying the Relation of Military Aid to Human Rights Violations | p. 220 |
Washington's Policy Toward the International Criminal Court | p. 222 |
In Search of an Appropriate Response to Terrorism | p. 225 |
Preemption and Counter-Proliferation: The Open Espousal of Aggression | p. 227 |
A Truth Commission for Washington | p. 230 |
Endnotes | p. 232 |
Index | p. 250 |
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