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About the Authors | |
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Preface | |
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Aim and Scope of the Book | |
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Evolutionary Biology Describes the History of Life and Explains Why Organisms Are the Way They Are | |
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Evolutionary Biology Is a Valuable Tool | |
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Molecular Biology and Evolutionary Biology Are Overlapping Fields of Study | |
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An Overview of Evolutionary Biology | |
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The History of Evolutionary Biology: Evolution and Genetics | |
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A Brief Summary of Modern Genetics and Evolution | |
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Evolution before Darwin | |
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Charles Darwin | |
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The Eclipse of Natural Selection | |
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The Evolutionary Synthesis | |
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The Origin of Molecular Biology | |
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The Beginnings of Molecular Biology | |
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Evolutionary and Molecular Biology: A New Synthesis? | |
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Evidence for Evolution | |
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Evidence for Evolution | |
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Objections to Evolution | |
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Science and Society | |
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The Origin and Diversification of Life | |
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The Origin of Life | |
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When Did Life Begin on Earth? | |
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How Did Life Begin on Earth? | |
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The Last Universal Common Ancestor and the Tree of Life | |
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Tracing Early Evolutionary History | |
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Universal Homologies, LUCA, and the Tree of Life | |
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Diversification of Bacteria and Archaea. I: Phylogeny and Biology | |
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Introduction to the Bacteria and Archaea | |
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Phylogenetic Diversification of Bacteria and Archaea | |
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Biological Diversification of Bacteria and Archaea | |
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Diversification of Bacteria and Archaea. II: Genetics and Genomics | |
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The Nature of Archaeal and Bacterial Genomes | |
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Lateral Transfer of DNA | |
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The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes | |
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Introduction to the Eukaryotes | |
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Endosymbioses Have Played a Key Role in the Evolution of Eukaryotes | |
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Structure and Evolution of the Nuclear Genome | |
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Eukaryotic Diversification | |
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Multicellularity and Development | |
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How Multicellularity Happens | |
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Division of Labor through Differentiation | |
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Diversity of Body Plans | |
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Genetics of Building a Body Plan | |
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Diversification of Plants and Animals | |
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Fossilization and Geological Time | |
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The Flow of the Evolution of Life-forms | |
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The Next 500 Million Years-Life Since the Cambrian Period | |
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Patterns of Evolution | |
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Evolution of Developmental Programs | |
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Anterior-Posterior Patterning: Hox Gene Regulation of Development | |
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Hox Genes Are Shown to Be Involved in Evolutionary Change | |
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Skeletal Evolution in Sticklebacks | |
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Evolution of Maize from Teosinte | |
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Universality of Developmental Systems | |
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Evolutionary Processes | |
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Generation of Variation by Mutation and Recombination | |
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Mutations and Mechanisms for Their Generation | |
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Protection, Prevention, and Correction Mechanisms Limit the Number of Mutations Caused by DNA Damage and Replication Errors | |
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Rates and Patterns of Mutations | |
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Generation of Variation by Mixing: Sex and Lateral Gene Transfer | |
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Variation in DNA and Proteins | |
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Genetic Variation | |
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Types of Genetic Variation | |
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Variation in Genetically Complex Traits | |
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Introduction to Quantitative Traits | |
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Analyzing Quantitative Variation | |
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The Genetic Basis of Quantitative Variation | |
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Generation of Quantitative Variation | |
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Random Genetic Drift | |
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Evolution Is a Largely Random Process | |
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Random Drift of Allele Frequencies | |
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Coalescence | |
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The Neutral Theory | |
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Recombination and Random Drift | |
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Population Structure | |
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Gene Flow | |
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Gene Flow Interacts with Other Evolutionary Forces | |
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Genealogies in Structured Populations | |
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Selection on Variation | |
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The Nature of Selection | |
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Selection on Quantitative Traits | |
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Selection on Multiple Genes | |
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The Interaction between Selection and Other Forces | |
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Selection and Random Drift | |
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Selection and Gene Flow | |
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Balancing Selection | |
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Mutation and Selection | |
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Measuring Selection | |
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Direct Measurement of Selection | |
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Indirect Measurement | |
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Selection on Linked Loci | |
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Selection on Noncoding DNA | |
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The Extent of Selection | |
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Phenotypic Evolution | |
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Evolutionary Optimization | |
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Aging | |
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Evolutionary Games | |
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Sexual Selection | |
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Conflict and Cooperation | |
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Social Evolution | |
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Conflict between Genes | |
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Interactions between Relatives | |
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Evolution of Cooperation | |
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Species and Speciation | |
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Defining Species | |
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The Genetics of Speciation | |
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Mechanisms of Speciation | |
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The Geography of Speciation | |
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Evolution of Genetic Systems | |
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Studying the Evolution of Genetic Systems | |
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Evolution of Mutation Rates | |
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Evolution of Sex and Recombination | |
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Consequences of Sex | |
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Evolution of Evolvability | |
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Evolution of Novelty | |
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The Basic Features of Novelty | |
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Changes in the Activity of Gene Products | |
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Changes in Gene Regulation and Interactions within a Network: Targeting, Differentiation, and Development | |
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Redundancy | |
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Robustness, Modularity, and Compartmentalization | |
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Acquiring New Functions from Other Species: Gene Transfer and Symbiosis | |
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Natural Selection over Long Periods of Time Leads to the Origin of Novelty | |
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Human Evolution | |
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Human Evolutionary History | |
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Placing Humans on the Tree of Life | |
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The Evolution of Hominins | |
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Genetics and Human Evolution | |
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Genomics and Humanness | |
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Current Issues in Human Evolution | |
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The Genetic Basis of Disease | |
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Understanding Human Nature | |
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Glossary | |
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Figure Credits | |
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Index | |