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| Introduction | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Phonological description | |
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| Contrastive analysis and foreign language acquisition | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| The Sounds of Portuguese | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Vowels | |
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| Vowel reduction | |
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| The lower mid vowels | |
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| Other vowels | |
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| Diphthongs and triphthongs | |
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| Nasalization | |
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| Consonants | |
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| Phonetic realization of consonants | |
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| Syllable types | |
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| The Sounds of English | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Syllabic nuclei | |
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| Vowel reduction | |
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| Consonants | |
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| Phonetic realization of consonants | |
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| Syllable types | |
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| Comparison of Phonological Units | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Portuguese vowels vs. English vowels | |
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| Portuguese vowels and falling diphthongs vs. English syllable nuclei | |
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| Portuguese /i/ vs. English /i/ and /t/ | |
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| Portuguese /e/, /ei/ vs. English /e/ | |
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| Portuguese /e/, /[varepsilon]/ vs. English /[varepsilon]/, /ae/ | |
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| Portuguese /a/ vs. English /a/, /[Lambda]/ | |
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| Portuguese /ai/, /au/ vs. English /ay/, /aw/ | |
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| Portuguese /[characters not reproducible]s. English /[characters not reproducible] | |
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| Portuguese /o/, /ou/ vs. English /o/ | |
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| Portuguese /[characters not reproducible]/oi/ vs. English /[characters not reproducible] Portuguese /[characters not reproducible]/ei/ vs. English /e/ | |
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| Portuguese /u/ vs. English /u/, /[characters not reproducible] | |
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| Portuguese diphthongs without counterparts in English | |
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| Portuguese diphthongs formed by vowel + /l/ | |
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| Portuguese rising diphthongs and triphthongs vs. English consonant + vowel or diphthong | |
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| Unstressed vowels | |
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| Portuguese nasal vowels and diphthongs vs. English vowel + nasal consonant | |
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| Portuguese consonants vs. English consonants | |
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| Comparison of consonantal phonemes | |
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| Comparison of Phonological Sequences | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Transition phenomena | |
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| vowel sequences | |
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| Consonant sequences | |
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| Consonant + vowel sequences | |
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| /n/ + vowel | |
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| /r/ + vowel | |
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| /l/ + vowel | |
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| /s/ + vowel | |
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| Postnuclear sequences | |
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| Prosody | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Stress | |
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| Pitch and sentence stress | |
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| Intonation patterns | |
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| Statement patterns: Ptg. (1) 2 1 [down arrow], (1) 2+ 1 [down arrow]; Eng. (2) 3 1 [down arrow] | |
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| Yes/no questions: Ptg. (1) 2 2+ [up arrow], Eng. (1) 2 3 [up arrow] | |
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| Questions with interrogative words: Ptg. (1) 2 1 [down arrow]; Eng. 2 3 1 [down arrow] | |
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| Greetings: Ptg. 2 1 [down arrow], 2 2 [down arrow], 1 2 1 [down arrow], 2 3 1 [down arrow]; Eng. 2 3 1 [down arrow], 2 3 1 [up arrow] | |
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| Contrastive statements: Ptg. (1) 2 3 1 [down arrow]; Eng. (1) 2 4 1 [down arrow] | |
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| Sequences: Ptg. (1) 2 [rgiht arrow] 2 [right arrow] 1 [down arrow], (1) 2 [up arrow], 2 [up arrow], 1 [down arrow]; Eng. (2) 3 [right arrow] 3 [right arrow] 3 1 [down arrow]; 2 [up arrow] 2 [up arrow] 3 1 [down arrow] | |
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| References | |