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Acknowledgments | |
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How to Use This Book | |
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Introduction | |
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The Shoshoni Language | |
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Origins of the Shoshoni Language | |
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The Names "Shoshoni" and "Snake" Indians | |
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Origin of the Shoshoni People | |
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History of the Fort Hall Reservation | |
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Shoshoni Orthography and Pronunciation | |
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The Shoshoni Writing System | |
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Shoshoni Sounds and Pronunciation | |
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Vowels | |
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Diphthongs | |
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Voiceless Vowels | |
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Consonants | |
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Final Features | |
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Stress Accent | |
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Minimal Pairs | |
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Words of Advice to the Learner | |
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Glossary of Grammatical Terms | |
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Tsaangu beaichehku | |
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Vocabulary for Dialog 1 | |
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Dialog 1 | |
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Vocabulary for Dialog 2 | |
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Dialog 2 | |
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Language and Culture | |
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Greetings | |
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Greetings Etiquette | |
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Male and Female Speech | |
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Intonation | |
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Liaison | |
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Spelling and Dialects | |
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Pausal and Fluent Speech Forms | |
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Grammar | |
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Number | |
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Nouns | |
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First and Second Person Subject Case Pronouns | |
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First and Second Person Possessive Case Pronouns | |
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Word Order | |
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Postpositions | |
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Questions | |
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Where? | |
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Vocabulary for Drills | |
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Drill 1 | |
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Drill 2 | |
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Masen newe du hagai' nanihade? | |
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Vocabulary for Dialog 1 | |
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Dialog 1 | |
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Vocabulary for Dialog 2 | |
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Dialog 2 | |
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Language and Culture | |
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More on Liaison and Final Features | |
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The Shoshoni Kinship System | |
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Visiting a Shoshoni House | |
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Grammar | |
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Introduction to the Shoshoni Verb | |
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-'yu (Progressive Aspect) and -pe'nni/-fe'nni (Continuative Aspect) | |
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-deN (Customary-Habitual Aspect) | |
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-ka (Resulative Aspect) | |
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-du'i (Future Tense) | |
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-nuhi (Expective Tense) | |
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-nnu (Completive Tense) | |
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Dual and Plural Forms of mi'a'yu | |
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Yes/No Questions and the Particle ha | |
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Demonstrative Pronouns: Subject Case | |
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Liaison and Final Features | |
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Vocabulary for Drills | |
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Drill 1 | |
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Drill 2 | |
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Drill 3 | |
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Drill 4 | |
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Hinna enna hanni'yu? | |
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Vocabulary for Dialog 1 | |
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Dialog 1 | |
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Vocabulary for Dialog 2 | |
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Dialog 2 | |
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Language and Culture | |
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Traditional Shoshoni Courtship and Marriage | |
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Gift Giving | |
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Grammar | |
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gande and ba'i | |
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Transitive and Intransitive Verbs | |
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The Verb "To Be" | |
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Object Case of Nouns | |
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Possessive Case of Nouns | |
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What? hinni and hinna | |
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Vocabulary for Drills | |
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Drill 1 | |
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Drill 2 | |
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Drill 3 | |
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Drill 4 | |
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Drill 5 | |
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Haga'ne nambe? | |
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Vocabulary for Dialog 1 | |
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Dialog 1 | |
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Vocabulary for Dialog 2 | |
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Dialog 2 | |
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Language and Culture | |
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Code-Switching | |
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Grammar | |
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More on Postpositions | |
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The Postpositional Adjunct -i | |
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The Postpositional Adjunct -ku | |
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The Postpositional Adjunct -teN | |
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The Postpositional Adjunct -tuN | |
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The Postpositional Adjunct -ti | |
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Adjectives | |
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Colors | |
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The Future Tense in English and Shoshoni | |
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The Past Tense in English and Shoshoni | |
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The Present Tense in English and Shoshoni | |
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Imperatives | |
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The Auxiliary Verbs -kua', -nei', and -ki | |
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Instrumental Prefixes | |
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Vocabulary for Drills | |
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Drill 1 | |
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Drill 2 | |
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Drill 3 | |
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Drill 4 | |
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Drill 5 | |
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Himbai'gandei' ennem bungu ba'i? | |
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Vocabulary for Dialog 1 | |
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Dialog 1 | |
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Vocabulary for Dialog 2 | |
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Dialog 2 | |
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Grammar | |
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Numerals | |
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Dual and Plural Forms of Nouns | |
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Dual and Plural Forms of Adjectives | |
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Plural Forms of Verbs | |
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Counting Objects | |
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Asking about Prices | |
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Vocabulary for Drills | |
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Drill 1 | |
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Drill 2 | |
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Maitengate hagai' neesungaahka? | |
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Vocabulary for Dialog 1 | |
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Dialog 1 | |
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Vocabulary for Dialog 2 | |
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Dialog 2 | |
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Language and Culture | |
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Talking about Oneself and Being Polite | |
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Grammar | |
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More Demonstrative Pronouns: s- Prefix; Object and Possessive Cases | |
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Adverbs of Place and Time | |
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Adjectives | |
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The Participial Suffixes: -deN and -pe | |
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Prefinal Verbal Suffix: -'i- | |
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Coordination | |
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Verbs Expressing Likes and Dislikes | |
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Independent and Dependent (Relative) Clauses | |
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The Subordinating Verbal Suffix: -gu | |
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The Infinitive/Gerund Subordinating Verb Suffix: -'nna | |
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The Nominalizing Suffix: -deN | |
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Vocabulary for Drills | |
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Drill 1 | |
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Drill 2 | |
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Drill 3 | |
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Beaichehkuse, hinna enne hanni'yu? | |
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Vocabulary for Dialog 1 | |
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Dialog 1 | |
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Vocabulary for Dialog 2 | |
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Dialog 2 | |
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Language and Culture | |
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Orthographies | |
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Orthography and Ideology | |
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Shoshoni Orthographies | |
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The Miller Orthography | |
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Example Words in the Miller Orthography | |
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Grammar | |
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Directional Verb Suffixes: -ki-, -kuaN-, -nei- | |
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Showing Habituality and the Verbal Suffixes: -'i-, -'ai-, -mi'i- | |
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Auxiliary Verbs | |
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The Unspecified Object Prefix: de- | |
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How to Say "after [verb]-ing" and "after [verb]-ed" | |
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Telling the Time | |
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Nominalized Verbs | |
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Vocabulary for Drills | |
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Drill 1 | |
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Drill 2 | |
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Hagapunde sikihyunde? | |
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Simple Readings in Shoshoni | |
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Babizhii' | |
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Ha'nii' | |
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Buhni'atsi | |
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Mumbichi | |
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Ne hinni? | |
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Ne hinni? (2) | |
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Dammen Duku | |
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Further Study of the Shoshoni Language | |
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A List of Sources on Shoshoni History, Culture, and Language | |
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Shoshoni-English Glossary | |
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English-Shoshoni Glossary | |
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Index | |