| |
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Preface | |
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About the Authors | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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Introduction to Occupational Safety and Health | |
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Chapter Objectives | |
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Case Study | |
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Occupational Safety and Health | |
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Importance of Occupational Safety and Health | |
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Early Historical Examination of Occupational Safety and Health | |
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Ancient Greek and Roman Physicians | |
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The European Renaissance and the Industrial Revolution | |
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Terms and Concepts in the Safety Profession | |
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Job Titles of Individuals Performing Occupational Safety and Health Activities | |
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The Safety and Health Professional's Role and Responsibility | |
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Conclusion | |
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Questions | |
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References | |
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Bibliography | |
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Safety Legislation | |
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Chapter Objectives | |
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Case Study | |
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Legislative History | |
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Occupational Safety and Health Act | |
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Who Is Covered? | |
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OSHA Standards | |
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Origin of OSHA Standards | |
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Horizontal and Vertical Standards | |
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Finding the OSHA Act | |
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Specific Requirements of the Act | |
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Employer Responsibilities and Rights | |
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Inspections | |
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Inspection Process | |
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Citations and Penalties | |
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Appeals Process | |
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OSHA-Approved State Programs | |
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Standards Development | |
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Other Considerations | |
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NIOSH and OSHRC | |
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Future Trends | |
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Conclusion | |
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Questions | |
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References | |
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Bibliography | |
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Workers' Compensation and Recordkeeping | |
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Chapter Objectives | |
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Case Study | |
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Early Workers' Compensation Laws | |
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Modern Workers' Compensation Laws | |
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Exemptions | |
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Premium Calculation | |
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Experienced Modification | |
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Retrospective Rating | |
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Self-Insured | |
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Recordkeeping | |
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Case Study | |
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Background | |
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Who Must Keep Records | |
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Forms | |
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OSHA 300, 300A, and 301 Forms | |
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Recordable Occupational Injuries and Illnesses | |
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First Aid Cases | |
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Fatalities | |
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Privacy Concern Cases | |
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Posting Annual Summary Requirements | |
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Conclusion | |
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Questions | |
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References | |
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Bibliography | |
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| |
Safety-Related Business Laws | |
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| |
Chapter Objectives | |
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Case Study | |
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Important Terminology | |
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| |
Role of the Safety Professional | |
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Product Liability | |
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Product Safety Act | |
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Theories of Product Liability | |
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Lawsuits | |
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Contracts | |
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Insurance | |
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Conclusion | |
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Questions | |
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| |
References | |
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Accident Causation and Investigation: Theory and Application | |
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| |
Chapter Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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| |
The Concepts of Risk, Incidents, and Accidents | |
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Accident Causation Theories | |
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| |
Single Factor Theory | |
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| |
Domino Theories | |
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| |
Heinrich's Domino Theory | |
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| |
Bird and Loftus' Domino Theory | |
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| |
Marcum's Domino Theory | |
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| |
Multiple Causation Accident Theories | |
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| |
Multiple Factors Theory | |
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| |
Systems Theory of Causation | |
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| |
Psychological/Behavioral Accident Causation Theories | |
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| |
Goals Freedom Alertness Theory | |
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| |
Motivation Reward Satisfaction Model | |
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| |
Human Factors Theory | |
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| |
Energy-Related Accident Causation Theories | |
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| |
Energy Release Theory | |
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| |
Incident Investigation | |
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Conclusion | |
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Questions | |
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| |
References | |
| |
| |
Bibliography | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction to Industrial Hygiene | |
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| |
| |
Chapter Objectives | |
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| |
Case Study | |
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| |
What Is Industrial Hygiene? | |
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| |
What Do We Mean by the "Art" of Industrial Hygiene? | |
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| |
What about the Science of Industrial Hygiene? | |
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| |
What Are the Health Hazards That the IH Is Charged with Recognizing, Evaluating, and Controlling? | |
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| |
History of Industrial Hygiene | |
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| |
Toxicology | |
| |
| |
Routes of Entry | |
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| |
Acute and Chronic Exposures | |
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| |
Chemical Interactions | |
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| |
Classification of Toxic Materials | |
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| |
Toxicity versus Risk | |
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| |
Precautionary Principle | |
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| |
Industrial Hygiene Practice | |
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| |
Recognition | |
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| |
Evaluation | |
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Control | |
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| |
Conclusion | |
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| |
Questions | |
| |
| |
Bibliography | |
| |
| |
| |
Ergonomics and Safety Management | |
| |
| |
Chapter Objectives | |
| |
| |
Case Study | |
| |
| |
Introduction to Ergonomics | |
| |
| |
Definition of the Term "Ergonomics" | |
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| |
Ergonomics Is Multidisciplinary | |
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| |
Ergonomics Objective | |
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| |
Applying Ergonomics: An Overview | |
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| |
Applying Ergonomics: In Detail | |
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| |
Operator-Machine Systems | |
| |
| |
People Variables | |
| |
| |
Anthropometry | |
| |
| |
Biomechanics | |
| |
| |
Classification of Body Movement, Postures, and Positions | |
| |
| |
Physiological Categories of Movement | |
| |
| |
Abduction/Adduction | |
| |
| |
Circumduction | |
| |
| |
Flexion/Extension | |
| |
| |
Neutral Plane/Deviation | |
| |
| |
Rotation | |
| |
| |
Supination/Pronation | |
| |
| |
Operational Categories of Movement | |
| |
| |
Additional Characteristics of the People Variable | |
| |
| |
Cumulative Trauma Disorders | |
| |
| |
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome | |
| |
| |
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome | |
| |
| |
Tendonitis | |
| |
| |
Tenosynovitis | |
| |
| |
CTD Symptoms | |
| |
| |
Machine Variables | |
| |
| |
Environmental Variables | |
| |
| |
Workplace Layout and Design | |
| |
| |
Interventions-Workstations | |
| |
| |
Interventions-Manual Material Handling | |
| |
| |
Interventions-Video Display Terminal Workstation Design | |
| |
| |
Conclusion | |
| |
| |
Questions | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Bibliography | |
| |
| |
| |
Fire Prevention and Protection | |
| |
| |
Chapter Objectives | |
| |
| |
Case Study | |
| |
| |
Fire Tetrahedron | |
| |
| |
Categories of Fires and Extinguishers | |
| |
| |
National Fire Protection Association | |
| |
| |
Standards and Codes | |
| |
| |
NFPA 70 | |
| |
| |
NFPA 101 | |
| |
| |
NFPA 30 | |
| |
| |
NFPA 13 | |
| |
| |
NFPA 58 | |
| |
| |
NFPA 99 | |
| |
| |
Educational Materials | |
| |
| |
NFPA 704 | |
| |
| |
DOT Marking System | |
| |
| |
OSHA Regulations | |
| |
| |
Fire Case History | |
| |
| |
Managing the Fire Program | |
| |
| |
Written Program | |
| |
| |
Conclusion | |
| |
| |
Questions | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Bibliography | |
| |
| |
| |
System Safety | |
| |
| |
| |
Chapter Objectives | |
| |
| |
Case Study | |
| |
| |
Definitions | |
| |
| |
History of System Safety | |
| |
| |
Importance of System Safety Today | |
| |
| |
System Life Cycle | |
| |
| |
Management of System Safety | |
| |
| |
Organizational Location | |
| |
| |
Organizational Interfaces | |
| |
| |
Implementation Difficulties | |
| |
| |
Elements of a System-Safety Program Plan (SSPP) | |
| |
| |
Tools and Techniques | |
| |
| |
Preliminary Hazard Analysis | |
| |
| |
Subsystem Hazard Analysis | |
| |
| |
Hazard Analysis Techniques | |
| |
| |
Technic of Operations Review (TOR) | |
| |
| |
Technique for Human Error Rate Prediction (THERP) | |
| |
| |
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) | |
| |
| |
Fault Hazard Analysis (FHA) | |
| |
| |
Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) | |
| |
| |
Job Safety Analysis | |
| |
| |
Reasons for Conducting a JSA | |
| |
| |
Who Should Conduct JSAs? | |
| |
| |
Procedures and Various Methods Used to Perform JSAs | |
| |
| |
Various Methods for Performing JSAs | |
| |
| |
Selecting the Job | |
| |
| |
Completing the JSA | |
| |
| |
Effectively Using a JSA in Loss Prevention | |
| |
| |
An Example | |
| |
| |
Accident Investigation | |
| |
| |
Accident Types | |
| |
| |
Conclusion | |
| |
| |
Questions | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Bibliography | |
| |
| |
| |
Managing the Safety Function | |
| |
| |
Chapter Objectives | |
| |
| |
Case Study | |
| |
| |
Planning | |
| |
| |
Organizing | |
| |
| |
Controlling | |
| |
| |
Directing | |
| |
| |
Staffing | |
| |
| |
Communications | |
| |
| |
Evaluation of the System | |
| |
| |
OSHA Guidelines | |
| |
| |
Conclusion | |
| |
| |
Questions | |
| |
| |
Bibliography | |
| |
| |
| |
Psychology and Safety: The Human Element in Loss Prevention | |
| |
| |
Chapter Objectives | |
| |
| |
Case Studies | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Basic Terminology | |
| |
| |
Motivation | |
| |
| |
Goal-Directed School | |
| |
| |
Maslow's Needs-Hierarchy Theory | |
| |
| |
McClelland's Need-Achievement Theory | |
| |
| |
Herzberg's Motivation Hygiene Theory | |
| |
| |
Behavioral School | |
| |
| |
Pavlov | |
| |
| |
Skinner | |
| |
| |
The Rational Employee: Applying Motivation Theories | |
| |
| |
Organizational Environment and the Safety Culture | |
| |
| |
Incentives versus Inherent Reinforcement | |
| |
| |
Employee Empowerment and Job Enrichment | |
| |
| |
Conclusion | |
| |
| |
Questions | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Bibliography | |
| |
| |
| |
Improving Safety Performance with Behavior-Based Safety | |
| |
| |
| |
Chapter Objectives | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Misconceptions about Behavioral Safety | |
| |
| |
Basic Definitions and Terminology | |
| |
| |
Principles and Strategies of Behavioral Safety | |
| |
| |
Common Problems with Safety Efforts | |
| |
| |
A Process Focusing on Improving Safety Behavior | |
| |
| |
Behavior Sampling for Proactive Measures | |
| |
| |
Employee-Driven Processes and Partial Empowerment | |
| |
| |
Implementing Behavioral Approaches | |
| |
| |
How to Implement Behavioral Safety-Common Steps | |
| |
| |
How to Conduct a Safety Assessment | |
| |
| |
Developing an Inventory of Critical Safety-Related Behaviors | |
| |
| |
What Are Critical Behaviors and Why Develop an Inventory of Critical Behaviors? | |
| |
| |
How Can We Identify Critical Behaviors? | |
| |
| |
Steps of the Observation Process | |
| |
| |
Steps for Continuous Improvement | |
| |
| |
Safety Coaching | |
| |
| |
Steps in the Coaching Process | |
| |
| |
How to Provide Meaningful Feedback | |
| |
| |
Common Performance Metrics for Behavioral Safety | |
| |
| |
Potential Barriers to Successful Implementation of Behavioral Safety | |
| |
| |
Success Factors for Behavioral Safety | |
| |
| |
Conclusion | |
| |
| |
Questions | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
| |
Workplace Violence | |
| |
| |
| |
Chapter Objectives | |
| |
| |
Case Study | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Nighttime Retailing | |
| |
| |
Workplace Epidemic of Violence | |
| |
| |
Background | |
| |
| |
High-Risk Workplaces | |
| |
| |
High-Risk Occupations | |
| |
| |
Cost to Business | |
| |
| |
Victimization of the American Workforce | |
| |
| |
Severity of Victimization | |
| |
| |
Profile of Victims | |
| |
| |
Formula for Failure | |
| |
| |
The Ingredients List | |
| |
| |
Baking the Ingredients | |
| |
| |
Recognizing the Potential Aggressor | |
| |
| |
Disgruntled Employee Red Flags | |
| |
| |
Employee Disenchantment | |
| |
| |
Revenge | |
| |
| |
Violence | |
| |
| |
Defusing a Time Bomb: The Violent Employee | |
| |
| |
Nonharassment Policy | |
| |
| |
Pre-Employment Screening | |
| |
| |
Drug Testing | |
| |
| |
Employee and Management Training | |
| |
| |
Crisis Management Planning | |
| |
| |
Proper Security Measures | |
| |
| |
Liaison with Local Law Enforcement | |
| |
| |
Conclusion | |
| |
| |
Questions | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Bibliography | |
| |
| |
| |
Terrorism Preparedness | |
| |
| |
Chapter Objectives | |
| |
| |
Case Study | |
| |
| |
Historic Information | |
| |
| |
Overview | |
| |
| |
Responsibilities | |
| |
| |
Planning | |
| |
| |
Activities | |
| |
| |
Production | |
| |
| |
Bottlenecks | |
| |
| |
Location of Your Property | |
| |
| |
Fences and Entrances | |
| |
| |
Clear Area around the Premises | |
| |
| |
Doors, Windows, and Other Openings | |
| |
| |
Ventilation and HVAC Systems | |
| |
| |
Lighting Systems | |
| |
| |
Communication Systems | |
| |
| |
Security Systems | |
| |
| |
Surveillance Systems | |
| |
| |
Guards and Sentries | |
| |
| |
Entry and Movement of Vehicles and Visitors | |
| |
| |
Entry and Movement of Employees | |
| |
| |
Computers and Networks | |
| |
| |
Threats | |
| |
| |
Mail and Packages | |
| |
| |
Your Role | |
| |
| |
Insurance | |
| |
| |
Conclusion | |
| |
| |
Questions | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
| |
Hazardous Materials | |
| |
| |
Chapter Objectives | |
| |
| |
Case Study | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Background | |
| |
| |
What Is a Hazardous Waste? | |
| |
| |
Determining Generator Status | |
| |
| |
Obtaining an EPA Identification Number | |
| |
| |
Managing Hazardous Waste On Site | |
| |
| |
CERCLA | |
| |
| |
SARA | |
| |
| |
Worker Protection Standards | |
| |
| |
Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR [section]1910.1200) | |
| |
| |
Written Program | |
| |
| |
Labeling | |
| |
| |
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) | |
| |
| |
Training | |
| |
| |
Contingency Plans | |
| |
| |
Hazardous Waste Disposal | |
| |
| |
Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest and DOT Regulations | |
| |
| |
Additional Reporting Requirements | |
| |
| |
EPA Wears Many Hats | |
| |
| |
Conclusion | |
| |
| |
Questions | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Bibliography | |
| |
| |
| |
Construction Safety and the Multiemployer Worksite Doctrine | |
| |
| |
| |
Chapter Objectives | |
| |
| |
Case Study | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Construction Safety Recommendations | |
| |
| |
Falls from Elevations | |
| |
| |
Struck by and Caught In-between | |
| |
| |
Electrical Shock | |
| |
| |
Other Hazards | |
| |
| |
Case Study | |
| |
| |
Trenching | |
| |
| |
Multiemployer Worksite Policy | |
| |
| |
Doctrine History | |
| |
| |
Contractor Qualifications and Programs | |
| |
| |
Conclusion | |
| |
| |
Questions | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
| |
Required Written Programs | |
| |
| |
Chapter Objectives | |
| |
| |
Case Study | |
| |
| |
Safety and Health Program | |
| |
| |
Hazard Communication Program | |
| |
| |
Emergency Action Plan | |
| |
| |
Fire Prevention Plan | |
| |
| |
Emergency Response Plan | |
| |
| |
Permit-Required Confined Space Plan | |
| |
| |
Lockout Tagout | |
| |
| |
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | |
| |
| |
Respiratory Protection | |
| |
| |
Process Safety Management | |
| |
| |
Requirements | |
| |
| |
Written Procedures | |
| |
| |
Incident Investigation | |
| |
| |
Emergency Action Plan | |
| |
| |
Compliance Audits | |
| |
| |
Conclusion | |
| |
| |
Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
Resources on Safety and Health | |
| |
| |
Agencies and Associations | |
| |
| |
Ergonomics | |
| |
| |
Biomechanics | |
| |
| |
Ergonomic Engineering: Hand and Power Tools | |
| |
| |
Ergonomics: Behavioral and Psychological Aspects | |
| |
| |
Ergonomics: General | |
| |
| |
Ergonomics Management | |
| |
| |
Industrial Hygiene | |
| |
| |
Air Pollution and Hazardous Waste | |
| |
| |
Health Physics and Radiation | |
| |
| |
Noise Control | |
| |
| |
Stress | |
| |
| |
Toxicology | |
| |
| |
Occupational Safety and Health | |
| |
| |
Accident Investigation | |
| |
| |
Electrical Safety | |
| |
| |
Emergency Response | |
| |
| |
Fire Prevention and Protection | |
| |
| |
Health and Safety Education and Training | |
| |
| |
Inspection and Audits | |
| |
| |
Regulatory Compliance | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
| |
29 CFR 1910-OSHA General (Industry Standards Summary and Checklist | |
| |
| |
| |
29 CFR 1926-OSHA Construction Standards Summary and Checklist | |
| |
| |
| |
Anthropometric Data | |
| |
| |
Index | |