| |
| |
| Acknowledgments | |
| |
| |
| Foreword | |
| |
| |
| Abbreviations and Acronyms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Delegation, Governance, and Regulatory Effectiveness | |
| |
| |
| Why Is Delegation Needed? | |
| |
| |
| What Should Be Delegated? | |
| |
| |
| How Should Delegation Be Managed? | |
| |
| |
| The Structure of Regulatory Governance | |
| |
| |
| Autonomy | |
| |
| |
| Decision Making | |
| |
| |
| Decision Tools | |
| |
| |
| Accountability | |
| |
| |
| Regulatory Governance and Effectiveness: Two Caveats | |
| |
| |
| Summing Up | |
| |
| |
| |
| Governance in Practice | |
| |
| |
| The Survey | |
| |
| |
| The Results | |
| |
| |
| Summary of Results: Can Regulators Be Effective? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Measuring and Benchmarking Governance | |
| |
| |
| Methodology | |
| |
| |
| Results of the Regulatory Governance Indexes | |
| |
| |
| Deconstructing the RGI-83 | |
| |
| |
| Looking at Regulators | |
| |
| |
| Federal versus State Regulatory Agencies | |
| |
| |
| Old versus New Regulatory Agencies | |
| |
| |
| Selected Cases | |
| |
| |
| International Comparison | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusions and Recommendations for Regulatory Improvements | |
| |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Codebook for the Regulatory Governance Index | |
| |
| |
| Appendix 2 | |
| |
| |
| Appendix 3 | |
| |
| |
| Appendix 4 | |
| |
| |
| Appendix 5 | |
| |
| |
| Appendix 6 | |
| |
| |
| List of Tables | |
| |
| |
| |
| Brazilian State Regulatory Agencies | |
| |
| |
| |
| Autonomy: Descriptive Results of Selected Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Decision Making: Descriptive Results of Selected Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Decision Tools: Descriptive Results of Selected Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Accountability: Descriptive Results of Selected Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Number of Questions and Weight in Each Version of the RGI per Subcomponent | |
| |
| |
| |
| Scores of 21 Brazilian Regulatory Agencies on the RGI-83 and Its Four Components | |
| |
| |
| |
| Means of RGI-83 and Its Four Components for Brazilian Federal and State Regulatory Agencies | |
| |
| |
| |
| Means of RGI-83 and Its Four Components for Old and New Brazilian Regulatory Agencies | |
| |
| |
| |
| Replication of the ADB/NERA Index for 21 Brazilian Regulatory Agencies | |
| |
| |
| |
| Replication of the Gutierrez Regulatory Framework Index Applied to 21 Brazilian Regulatory Agencies | |
| |
| |
| |
| Correlation Matrix for the Determinants of the Regulatory Governance Index (RGI-83) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary of Three Methodologies for Regulatory Governance Indexes | |
| |
| |
| List of Boxes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Meeting the Regulators: Where They Come From and Where They Go | |
| |
| |
| |
| Restrictions on Agencies' Budgets | |
| |
| |
| |
| Agencies' Autonomy: A Tale of Two States | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Tyranny of Vested Interests | |
| |
| |
| |
| Determinants of the RGI-83 | |