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Translator's Note | |
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Preface | |
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Western Europe in the Seventh Century | |
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The Decline of Byzantine power | |
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The conversion of England | |
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Economic renewal | |
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Gaul under Dagobert | |
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Episcopal power | |
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Monasticism | |
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The papacy | |
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The Rise of the Carolingians (from the Early Seventh to the Mid-Eighth Century) | |
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The Beginnings of the Carolingian Dynasty | |
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Austrasia | |
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Noble families | |
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Arnulf and Pippin I | |
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Rival families | |
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The policies of Dagobert | |
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The Obstacles to Power | |
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The Ambitions of Grimoald | |
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His position | |
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Monastic foundations | |
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Metz | |
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The Coup d'Etat of Grimoald and Its Failure | |
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Childebert the Adopted | |
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The Neustrian reaction | |
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The Pippinids Await Their Moment | |
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The reign of Childeric II | |
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Pippin's victory at Terry | |
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The Principate of Pippin II (687-714) | |
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Pippin's Political Program | |
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The Advance into Germanic Lands | |
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Monasteries and Palaces | |
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The "Reign" of Charles Martel | |
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Difficult Beginnings | |
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An independent Neustrian mayor | |
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Charles, victor over the Neustrians | |
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Odo of Aquitaine | |
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Charles and His Methods of Action | |
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The new regime | |
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Vassalage | |
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Secularization of church property | |
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Charles and the Periphery of the Frankish Realm | |
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Boniface in Germany | |
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Pirmin in Alemannia | |
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Charles Martel in Bavaria | |
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Charles in Aquitaine, Provence, and Burgundy | |
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Muslim invasion and the victory at Poitiers | |
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Provence | |
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Burgundy | |
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The Call of Rome | |
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The situation of the papacy | |
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Pope Gregory III | |
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The End of the Reign of Charles Martel | |
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Charles Martel and St. Denis | |
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The succession | |
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Pippin and Carloman, Mayors of the Palace (741-751) | |
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Local Revolts and the Consolidation of Power | |
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Reestablishment of the Merovingian Dynasty | |
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The Reform of the Frankish Church | |
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The crisis of the church | |
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The reform councils | |
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Unresolved questions | |
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The abdication of Carloman | |
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Pippin III and Charlemagne, Founders of Carolingian Europe (751-814) | |
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The Reign of Pippin the Great | |
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The Accession of the Carolingian Dynasty | |
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The sources of Pippin's power | |
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The preparations for the coup d'etat | |
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Royal unction | |
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The Birth of the Papal State | |
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The appeal from Stephen II | |
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Pippin in Italy | |
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The Conquest of Aquitaine | |
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The preparations | |
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The conquest | |
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Religious Reform | |
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The death of Boniface | |
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Chrodegang | |
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Romanization of the liturgy | |
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The Rule for Canons | |
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The Prestige of Pippin III | |
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Pippin and the west | |
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The organization of the court | |
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Pippin and St. Denis | |
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The Features and Circumstances of Charlemagne's Conquests | |
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The Reign of Two Brothers | |
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The Conditions of Charlemagne's Conquests | |
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Charlemagne's Army | |
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The Stages of Charlemagne's Conquests | |
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768-771 | |
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772-778 | |
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779-793 | |
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793-800 | |
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800-814 | |
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The Conquests of Charlemagne | |
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Italy | |
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The conquest | |
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Charlemagne in Rome | |
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Charlemagne's successes | |
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The second journey to Rome | |
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Southern Italy | |
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Germany | |
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The annexation of Bavaria | |
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The conquest of Saxony | |
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Central and Eastern Europe | |
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Suppression of the Avar menace | |
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Charles and the Slavic world | |
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Europe Beyond the Frontiers | |
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The Celts | |
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The Anglo-Saxons | |
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Scandinavia | |
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Spain | |
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The Emperor Charlemagne | |
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Prelude to the Coronation | |
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The "new David" | |
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Relations with Byzantium | |
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The accession of Pope Leo III and the "new Constantine" | |
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The Coronation | |
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The ceremony | |
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Interpreting the event | |
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The Greek reaction | |
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Charlemagne: Emperor or Chieftain? | |
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The Political and Administrative Structures of the Empire | |
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Obstacles to the Unity of the Empire | |
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Regional diversity | |
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Linguistic diversity | |
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Juridical diversity | |
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The Regionalization of Power | |
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The subkingdoms | |
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The marches | |
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The partition of 806 | |
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Charlemagne, the Frankish Chief | |
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Lifelong habits | |
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The royal domains | |
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Charlemagne and the Frankish nobility | |
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The death of Charlemagne | |
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The Destiny of Carolingian Europe (814-877) | |
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The Reign of Louis the Pious: The Goal of Imperial Unity and Its Failure (814-840) | |
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The Beginning of a Promising Reign | |
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The new emperor | |
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The first reforms | |
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The Ordinatio imperii (817) | |
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The Network of Rival Factions | |
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Judith | |
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The reaction of Lothar | |
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Lothar's supporters | |
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The queen's strategy | |
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The Revolt of 830 | |
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The campaign of innuendo | |
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The revolt | |
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The reaction | |
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A new partition | |
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The Great Rebellion of 833 and Its Failure | |
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The new coalition | |
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The Field of Lies | |
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The reversal of opinion | |
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The End of the Reign of Louis the Pious | |
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The final partition | |
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Assessing the reign | |
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External threats | |
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The Partition of 843 | |
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Prelude and Circumstances | |
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Lothar versus Charles | |
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The alliance of Louis and Charles | |
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The Strasbourg Oaths (842) | |
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Lothar submits | |
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Negotiations (Spring 842-August 843) | |
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The difficulties | |
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Charles's marriage | |
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The Treaty of Verdun and Its Terms | |
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The rationale of the partition | |
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The consequences of the partition | |
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The Empire Disbanded (843-869) | |
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The Defense of the Notion of Unity | |
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Brotherly cooperation | |
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The conference of Yutz (844) | |
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the colloquies at Meersen | |
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new partitions | |
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The defense of unity by the church | |
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Hincmar of Reims | |
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agreement between Louis and Charles | |
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papal intervention | |
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Pope Nicholas I | |
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the divorce of Lothar II | |
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The Kings in Their Kingdoms | |
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Louis II, the first sovereign of Italy | |
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the reformer king | |
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the Italian nobility | |
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relations with the papacy, southern Italy | |
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the Muslim threat | |
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Louis II and Byzantium | |
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Lotharingia and the Kingdom of Provence | |
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Lotharingia | |
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Provence | |
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The kingdom of Louis the Germany | |
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Saxony | |
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other regions | |
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Moravia | |
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partitioning the kingdom | |
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The kingdom of Charles the Bald | |
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Charles and the nobility | |
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the emancipation of the nobility | |
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the complaints of the clergy | |
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family troubles | |
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Aquitaine | |
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Burgundy | |
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the Northmen | |
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Brittany | |
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the rise of the Robertines | |
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Flanders | |
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Charles the Bald, the Last Great Carolingian Emperor | |
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The Ambitions of Charles the Bald | |
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The king's successes | |
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Lotharingia | |
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Marriage to Richildis | |
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The partition of Meersen | |
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Charles the Bald, Emperor (876) | |
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John VIII | |
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The imperial coronation | |
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The assembly of Ponthion | |
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The End of the Reign of Charles the Bald | |
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Failure in Lotharingia | |
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The appeal of John VIII | |
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The Capitulary of Quierzy | |
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The emperor's demise | |
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The Collapse of Carolingian Europe and the Emergence of Regional Princedoms | |
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The End of the Imperial Ideal (877-888) | |
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Pope John VIII in Search of an Emperor | |
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Louis the Stammerer | |
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The pope in Francia | |
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The succession of Louis the Stammerer | |
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The rebellion of Boso | |
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The Viking invasions | |
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The Reign of Charles the Fat, or Illusions Dispelled | |
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The imperial coronation | |
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Charles the Fat in Francia | |
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The deposition of Charles the Fat | |
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The Election of Regional Kings | |
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The New Kingdoms and Princedoms | |
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The Rulers of the Italian Kingdom | |
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New princedoms | |
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Guido II, king of Italy | |
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Troubles in Rome | |
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Louis the Blind | |
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Berengar I, emperor | |
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The Kingdoms of Middle Gaul | |
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Provence | |
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Upper Burgundy | |
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The German Kingdom | |
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The regional princedoms | |
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King Arnulf and Louis the Child | |
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Conrad I | |
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The Kingdom of Western Francia | |
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The regional princedoms | |
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King Odo | |
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Territorial Organization in the First Half of the Tenth Century | |
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The Restoration of the Italian Kingdom: The Reign of Hugh of Provence (924-947) | |
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King Hugh | |
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Hugh and Rome | |
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Hugh and the nobility of northern Italy | |
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The Restoration of the Monarchy in Germany: Henry of Saxony, Heir to the Carolingians | |
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The accession of Henry I | |
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Henry and the regional loaders | |
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The Danes and the Slavs | |
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Victori over the Magyars | |
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Upper Burgundy and Italy | |
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The close of Henry's reign | |
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The Carolingian Restoration in Western Francia | |
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The early reign of Charles the Simple (898-911) | |
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Two achievements of Charles the Simple | |
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Charles and the Northmen | |
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Charles and Lotharingia | |
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The revolt of the nobility | |
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Imprisonment | |
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Ralph of Burgundy (923-936) | |
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conflict with Herbert II | |
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elsewhere in the kingdom | |
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The Carolingian Restoration (936 to the Close of the Tenth Century) | |
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The Return of the Carolingians and the First Years of Otto I | |
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Louis IV | |
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The first years of Otto I | |
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the coronation | |
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intervention in upper Burgundy | |
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Magdeburg | |
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The Kings, Their Followers, and Their Subjects | |
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The situation in Germany | |
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Otto and the dukes | |
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the German episcopacy | |
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The situation in "France" | |
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the king and his vassals | |
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the resources of the Carolingians | |
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Louis IV versus Hugh and Herbert | |
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Louis VI in Normandy | |
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the synod of Ingelheim | |
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the power of Hugh the Great | |
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Aquitaine and Provence | |
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Burgundy | |
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The Restoration of the Empire | |
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Otto's victory over the Slavs and the Magyars | |
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The conquest of Italy | |
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the imperial coronation | |
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the deposition of John XII | |
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Otto I and Byzantium | |
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the archbishopric of Magdeburg | |
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the Poles | |
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the mission to Hungary | |
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Lotharingia: A Crossroads of Ottonians and Carolingians | |
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Louis IV, Otto I, and Lotharingia | |
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The regency of Bruno of Cologne | |
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Lotharingian politics and the demise of the Carolingian rulers | |
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Lothar in Aachen | |
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Adalbero of Reims | |
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the election of Hugh Capet | |
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the Carolingian pretender | |
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Rulers and Civilization in the New Europe | |
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The Carolingian Church | |
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Ecclesiastical Structures | |
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The secular clergy | |
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the bishops | |
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the diocese | |
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organizing the faithful | |
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Monasticism | |
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A Church Subject to Princes | |
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The king as master of bishops and abbots | |
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Immunity | |
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The administration of church property | |
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The church in the tenth century | |
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The Papacy | |
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The popes and the west | |
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The awakening of the papacy | |
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Rome's prestige in the tenth century | |
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Monasteries and papal protection | |
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The Expansion of Christendom | |
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Germany | |
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Scandinavia | |
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The missions to the Slavs | |
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The birth of the Hungarian church | |
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Features of Carolingian Kingship | |
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The King's Person and Status | |
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Royal unction | |
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The "royal ministry" | |
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Coronary promises | |
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Royal Justice | |
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The King as Warrior | |
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The royal army | |
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Royal castles | |
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The Carolingian warrior | |
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The Carolingians and the Renewal of Western Economy | |
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The Principles | |
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Marriage | |
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Work | |
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Fair prices | |
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Usury | |
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Economic Developments | |
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The management of royal domains | |
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Trade and merchants | |
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markets | |
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towns and emporiums | |
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roads | |
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Monetary policy | |
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under Pippin the Short | |
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under Charlemagne | |
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under Louis the Pious | |
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under Charles the Bald | |
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revival of local economies | |
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The Successors of the Carolingians | |
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The First Flowering of European Culture | |
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Educational Policies | |
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Pippin the Short | |
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The restoration of schools | |
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Louis the Pious | |
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The results | |
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Carolingian Latin | |
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Vernacular literature | |
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The Court as a Center of Learning | |
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The palace at Aachen | |
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Cultural endeavors after 843 | |
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Charles the Bald, the learned king | |
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Kings and Books | |
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The Carolingian script | |
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Royal libraries | |
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Noble libraries | |
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Artistic Treasures | |
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Kings as patrons and collectors | |
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Art and the nobility | |
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The Carolingian Kings as Builders | |
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Royal palaces | |
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Cathedral complexes | |
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Monasteries | |
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Decoration and images | |
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The Heirs of the Carolingian Kings | |
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Culture and learning in France | |
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The Ottonian renaissance | |
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the learned emperors | |
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imperial patronage of the arts | |
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the patronage of bishops and abbots | |
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Italy and England | |
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Conclusions | |
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Index | |