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| Preface to the Third Edition | |
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| Preface to the Second Edition | |
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| Preface to the First Edition | |
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| Illustrations | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| The Old World and the New | |
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| Natural Religion | |
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| Ceremonies | |
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| Hopi | |
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| Zuni | |
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| Chinook | |
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| Kwakiutl | |
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| Myths (things believed) | |
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| Tsimshian | |
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| Pima | |
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| Cherokee | |
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| Zuni | |
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| New Spain | |
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| Ponce de Leon | |
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| Bartholomew de Las Casas and Sublimis Deus | |
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| Dominicans in Florida | |
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| Pedro Menendez de Aviles and the Jesuits | |
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| Franciscans and Indian Revolt | |
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| Franciscans in New Mexico | |
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| New France | |
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| French Views of Native Americans | |
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| Advice to those "whom it shall please God to call to New France" | |
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| Brebeuf's Instructions to Missionaries | |
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| Martyrdom of Isaac Jogues, S.J. | |
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| New France Proclaimed | |
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| New Netherland and New Sweden | |
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| Jonas Michaelius | |
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| Johannes Megapolensis and the Mohawks | |
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| Megapolensis and the Jews | |
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| Megapolensis and Isaac Jogues | |
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| John Printz of New Sweden | |
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| Dutch Surrender | |
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| England Anew | |
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| Virginia | |
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| John Rolfe and Pocahantas | |
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| Anti-Catholicism | |
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| Church Establishment | |
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| Virginia's Cure | |
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| Massachusetts | |
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| Reasons for Removal: The Pilgrims | |
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| Persuading London | |
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| Reasons for Removal: The Puritans | |
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| A Modell of Christian Charity | |
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| Puritan Poets | |
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| Special Cases: Maryland, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania | |
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| Maryland and Roman Catholics | |
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| English America's First Mass | |
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| Rhode Island and the Baptists | |
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| Pennsylvania and the Quakers | |
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| Penn and Liberty of Conscience | |
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| The English and the Indian | |
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| Indian Missions in Massachusetts | |
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| King Philip's War | |
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| William Penn and the Indians | |
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| Virginia Indians and the College of William & Mary | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Americanizing the Ways of Faith | |
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| Religion and Social Order | |
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| Congregationalism (Puritanism) | |
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| Anne Hutchinson | |
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| Mary Dyer | |
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| Witchcraft at Salem: Trial of George Burroughs | |
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| Witchcraft at Salem: Cotton Mather and Spectral Evidence | |
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| Proposals of 1705 | |
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| Jonathan Mayhew and the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel | |
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| The Anglican (Episcopal) Church | |
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| Maryland: Appeal to Bishop of London | |
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| New York: Against "Jesuits & Popish Priests" | |
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| New York: Against the Presbyterians | |
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| North Carolina: Anglicanism "over-toping its power" | |
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| South Carolina: Huguenot Quarrel | |
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| Episcopacy Issue: Pennsylvania and New England | |
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| Religious and Racial Variety | |
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| Continental Diversity | |
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| The Palatines | |
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| The Salzburgers | |
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| Gottlieb Mittelberger and the Atlantic Crossing | |
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| Henry Muhlenberg: A Typical Day | |
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| Jesuit Banishment | |
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| British Diversity | |
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| Muhlenberg as Ecumenical Churchman | |
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| Muhlenberg and the Baptists | |
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| Muhlenberg and Quaker Pacifism | |
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| Episcopal Order vs. "congregational" Chaos | |
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| Backcountry Baptists | |
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| African and Indian Diversity | |
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| Puritan Antislavery | |
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| Episcopal Frustration | |
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| Quaker Abolitionism | |
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| Indian Captivity Narrative | |
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| Quaker Testimony on the Indian | |
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| Passions and Intellect | |
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| Revivalism | |
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| George Whitefield, Awakener | |
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| Coming to Hear Whitefield | |
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| Timothy Cutler, Opposer | |
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| Gilbert Tennent's Warning to Ministers | |
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| David Brainerd's Diary | |
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| Letters of Esther Edwards Burr | |
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| Colonial Colleges: "Nurseries of Piety" | |
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| Harvard | |
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| William & Mary | |
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| Yale | |
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| Dartmouth | |
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| Jonathan Edwards | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Revolution: Political and Ecclesiastical | |
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| Religion and Revolution | |
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| Pacifism | |
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| Moravians | |
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| Mennonites | |
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| Pacifism in Virginia | |
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| Schwenkfelders | |
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| Loyalism | |
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| Quakers Support the King | |
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| Pennsylvania Anglicans | |
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| Personal Clerical Struggles | |
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| Charles Inglis of New York | |
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| Patriotism: A Matter of Bishops | |
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| Rhetoric of Revolution | |
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| Anthony Benezet | |
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| John Allen | |
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| Phillis Wheatley | |
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| Isaac Backus | |
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| Samuel Sherwood | |
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| Aftermath of Revolution | |
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| Religious Liberty Guaranteed | |
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| Thomas Jefferson's Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom | |
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| James Madison's Memorial and Remonstrance | |
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| Isaac Backus and a Bill of Rights | |
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| Religious Liberty Effected | |
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| Virginia's Episcopalians | |
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| Virginia's Baptists | |
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| Virginia's Presbyterians | |
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| Religious Liberty Tested: The Administration of George Washington | |
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| Religion in the Revolution and the New Republic | |
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| Religion, Rational and Natural | |
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| Universalism | |
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| Unitarianism | |
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| Deism | |
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| Religion, Evangelical and Hierarchical | |
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| Methodism (White) | |
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| Methodism (Black) | |
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| Roman Catholicism | |
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| The Practice of Piety | |
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| Susanna Anthony of Newport | |
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| John Leland of New England and Virginia | |
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| Elizabeth Ann Seton of Baltimore | |
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| Religion in the Young Republic | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Liberty Unleashed | |
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| The Voluntary Principle | |
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| Disestablishment | |
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| Connecticut | |
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| Massachusetts | |
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| Voluntary Societies and Society's Reform | |
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| Lyman Beecher on Dueling and Temperance | |
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| American Bible Society | |
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| American Sunday School Union | |
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| American Tract Society and the Colporteur System | |
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| Revivalism | |
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| Harriet Livermore before Congress | |
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| C. G. Finney | |
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| The New Lebanon Convention | |
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| Progress and the Perfect Society | |
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| Transcendentalism and Brook Farm | |
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| Emerson as Transcendentalist | |
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| Peabody on Brook Farm | |
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| Oneida Community and Bible Communism | |
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| Complex Marriage | |
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| Scientific Propagation | |
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| Latter-Day Saints and New Revelation | |
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| Joseph Smith Recounts His First Vision | |
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| Printing of the Book of Mormon | |
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| Joseph Smith's Revelation on Plural Marriage | |
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| Joseph Smith's Martyrdom | |
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| Brigham Young Assumes Leadership | |
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| Exodus Announced | |
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| Requirements for the Journey | |
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| Church Authorities Appeal to Iowa Governor | |
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| Restorations and Expectations | |
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| Restorationism: Disciples of Christ | |
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| Barton Stone | |
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| Alexander Campbell | |
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| Millennialism | |
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| Shakers | |
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| Millerites | |
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| Adventists (Seventh-day) | |
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| Spiritualism | |
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| Margaret Fox | |
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| Horace Greeley | |
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| Denominations and Winning the West | |
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| Plan of Union: Congregationalist and Presbyterians | |
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| The Plan Adopted | |
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| The Plan Implemented | |
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| Frontier Religion: Baptists and Methodists | |
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| Baptist Conversion | |
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| Methodist Circuit | |
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| Retreats and Revivals: Roman Catholicism | |
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| Retreats in Maryland | |
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| Bishop Flaget's Jubilee | |
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| Missions vs. Revivals | |
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| Frontier Fate: Winning, Losing | |
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| A Survivor's Cup of Sorrow | |
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| A Victim's Valley of Death | |
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| Voluntarism Revisited | |
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| The Principle Observed | |
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| The Principle Defined | |
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| The Principle Demonstrated | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Evangelical Empire: Rise and Fall | |
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| Theology in the New Nation | |
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| Robert Baird's "General Remarks" | |
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| Alexander Campbell | |
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| Charles Hodge | |
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| Phoebe Palmer | |
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| Horace Bushnell | |
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| J. W. Nevin | |
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| Charles Porterfield Krauth | |
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| Pluralism or Protestantism | |
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| Judaism | |
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| Isaac Leeser as Catechist | |
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| Isaac Mayer Wise in Albany | |
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| Leeser's Missionary Journeys | |
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| Roman Catholicism | |
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| Trusteeism | |
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| Orestes A. Brownson | |
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| Isaac T. Hecker | |
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| John England | |
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| Hispanic Catholicism | |
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| Nativism | |
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| Samuel F. B. Morse | |
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| Awful Disclosures | |
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| Religious Know-Nothings | |
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| Native American Revivals | |
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| Handsome Lake | |
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| Tenskwatawa | |
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| Human Rights and American Religion | |
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| Black Religion and Slavery | |
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| Lemuel Haynes | |
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| Slave Religion | |
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| Nat Turner | |
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| Daniel A. Payne | |
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| Frederick Douglass | |
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| Sojourner Truth | |
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| Schism over Slavery | |
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| The Methodists | |
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| The Baptists | |
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| The Presbyterians | |
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| Women's Rights: The Grimke Sisters and Theodore Weld | |
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| Indian Rights: The Cherokees | |
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| U.S. House of Representatives | |
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| Cherokee Nation v. State of Georgia | |
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| Worcester v. State of Georgia | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Sectional Crisis and Reconstruction | |
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| Debate over Slavery | |
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| Varieties of Abolitionism | |
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| Elijah Lovejoy | |
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| William Lloyd Garrison | |
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| Harriet Beecher Stowe | |
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| Frederick Douglass | |
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| Orestes A. Brownson | |
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| White Apologists | |
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| American Colonization Society | |
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| John England | |
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| James Henley Thornwell | |
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| Thornton Stringfellow | |
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| The Civil War as a Religious Event | |
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| The Scene | |
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| An Outcry against War | |
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| "Christ in the Camp" | |
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| Military Rule | |
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| Territory Conquered | |
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| Theological Reflection | |
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| John Rice | |
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| Charles Pettit McIlvaine | |
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| The Christian Examiner | |
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| Horace Bushnell | |
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| Meditations on the Nation under God | |
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| John Brown | |
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| Philip Schaff | |
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| Abraham Lincoln | |
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| Charles Hodge | |
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| After the War | |
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| "Welcome to the Ransomed" | |
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| Emancipation Celebrated | |
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| Aid Solicited | |
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| Education Offered | |
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| Optimism Tempered | |
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| Hopes Destroyed | |
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| The Task | |
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| Unity Maintained | |
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| Division Hardened | |
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| Lost Cause Affirmed | |
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| African Americans Organized | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Index | |