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| List of Illustrations | |
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| List of Tables | |
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| Preface | |
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| Note on Quotations and Translations | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| Teachers and Pupils | |
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| The Organization of Schooling | |
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| The Medieval Background | |
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| The Decline of Church Schools | |
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| Schools in the Trecento | |
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| Communal Latin Schools | |
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| Communal Abbaco Schools | |
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| Elementary and Secondary Teachers on University Rolls | |
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| Independent Schools | |
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| Academic Calendar and Corporal Punishment | |
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| The Lives of Teachers | |
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| Venetian Schools in the High Renaissance | |
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| Schooling and Literacy in 1587 | |
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| Curricula | |
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| Teachers | |
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| Church Schools | |
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| Sestiere Schools | |
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| Florentine and Roman Schools in the High Renaissance | |
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| Villani's Statistics of 1338 | |
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| Florentine Schooling in 1480 | |
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| Roman Schools | |
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| Communal Supervision of Roman Schools | |
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| Girls and Working-Class Boys in School | |
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| What Should Girls Learn? | |
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| Female Teachers | |
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| Female Pupils | |
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| Working-Class Schoolboys | |
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| The Latin Curriculum | |
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| The Coming of the Studia Humanitatis | |
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| The Late Medieval Latin Curriculum | |
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| The Humanistic Alternative | |
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| The Rediscovery of Cicero | |
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| Greek | |
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| Three Famous Teachers | |
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| The Establishment of the Studia Humanitatis | |
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| Learning the ABCs with Hornbook and Primer | |
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| Tavola and Salterio | |
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| Learning to Read | |
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| Grammar | |
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| The Medieval Grammatical Tradition | |
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| The Beginning of Renaissance Grammar | |
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| Grammar Manuals in the Classroom | |
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| Ianua | |
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| Donatus melior, Donato al senno, and Vernacular Latin Grammars | |
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| The Renaissance Grammatical Tradition | |
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| Grammatical Drill and Elementary Reading | |
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| Rhetoric | |
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| The Advanced Humanistic Curriculum | |
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| From Medieval to Renaissance Rhetoric | |
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| Cicero | |
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| The Epistulae ad familiares as Prose Model | |
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| Learning to Write like Cicero | |
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| Words and Things | |
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| Rhetoric and Life | |
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| The Rest of the Latin Curriculum | |
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| Poetry | |
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| Poetry in the Classroom | |
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| The Paraphrase-Commentary | |
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| Terence, Horace, and Ovid | |
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| History | |
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| Caesar, Sallust, and Valerius Maximus in the Classroom | |
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| Moral Philosophy | |
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| Greek and Logic | |
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| The Vernacular Curriculum | |
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| Italian Literature | |
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| Religious Texts | |
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| Chivalric Romances | |
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| The Vita di Marco Aurelio of Guevara | |
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| Learning Merchant Skills | |
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| Abbaco | |
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| Abbaco Classroom Instruction | |
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| Double-Entry Bookkeeping | |
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| Writing | |
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| The Schools of the Catholic Reformation | |
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| The Schools of Christian Doctrine | |
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| Reading and Writing | |
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| The Summario | |
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| The Interrogatorio | |
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| Other Texts | |
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| High and Low in the Catechism Schools | |
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| The Religious Knowledge of the Laity | |
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| The Schools of the Religious Orders | |
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| Jesuit Schools | |
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| Schoolmasters to the Elite | |
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| The Jesuit Curriculum | |
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| The Scuole Pie | |
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| The Schools of the Old Regime | |
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| The Role of the Church | |