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| List of illustrations | |
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| List of tables | |
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| List of abbreviations | |
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| Geographical note | |
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| Preface to the Second Edition | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction: the examination of life | |
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| Two protests | |
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| The examination of life | |
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| The examination of literature | |
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| The historical context | |
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| The structure of recruitment | |
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| The Sung bureaucracy | |
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| Recruitment of clerks and the military | |
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| Recruitment of the civil service | |
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| Patterns of recruitment | |
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| Students and chu-jenThe growth of the literati | |
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| Recruitment and the social order | |
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| For the utmost governance: examinations in the early Sung | |
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| Sung examinations and the Confucian tradition | |
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| Examinations under the early emperors | |
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| Institutional innovations | |
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| Qualifying for candidacy | |
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| Occupational prohibitions | |
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| Residency requirements | |
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| Character qualifications | |
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| The role of K'ai-feng | |
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| To be rooted in schools: examinations in the late Northern Sung | |
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| The Ch'ing-li reforms | |
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| Curriculum changes | |
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| Schools and the reformers | |
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| The Three Hall system | |
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| The legacy of reform | |
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| Government schools in the Southern Sung | |
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| The spread of academics | |
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| The failure of fairness: examinations in the Southern Sung | |
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| The examinations at mid-course | |
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| The special preliminary examinations | |
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| The higher examinations | |
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| The extent of privilege | |
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| The examinations in decline | |
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| The geography of success | |
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| The rise of the southGeographical biases | |
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| The problem of regional units | |
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| The distribution of chin-shihThe unsuccessful regions | |
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| Patterns of success | |
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| Through the thorny gates: the culture of examinations | |
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| The terminology of testing | |
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| The spread of ceremony | |
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| The support of chu-jenThe signs of selection | |
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| The beginnings of an examination culture | |
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| Examination stories | |
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| The problems of youth | |
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| The problem of age | |
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| With help from the spirits | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The attempt at meritocracy | |
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| Learning and authority | |
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| Examinations and society | |
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| Methods of Entry into the Civil Service | |
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| Table 25. Departmental Graduates and Degrees Conferred by Year | |
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| Table 26. Sung Chin-shih Totals by Prefecture Based Upon Lists in Local Histories | |
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| Notes | |
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| List of characters | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Local Histories | |
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| Other Works in Chinese and Japanese | |
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| Works in Western Languages | |
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| Recent Works in Western Languages | |
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| Index | |