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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Acid-Base Relationships | |
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| Acidic dissociation | |
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| Measures of acidity | |
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| Buffers | |
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| Acid-base balance | |
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| Acid-base disorders | |
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| Clinical relevance: diabetic ketoacidosis | |
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| Amino Acids and Proteins | |
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| Functions of proteins | |
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| Proteins as polypeptides | |
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| Protein structure | |
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| Protein solubility and R-groups | |
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| Protein denaturation | |
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| Clinical relevance | |
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| Enzymes | |
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| Energy relationships | |
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| Free-energy change | |
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| Enzymes as biological catalysts | |
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| Michaelis-Menten equation | |
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| Lineweaver-Burk equation | |
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| Enzyme regulation | |
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| Clinical relevance: methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning | |
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| Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation | |
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| Cellular energy and adenosine triphosphate | |
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| Citric acid cycle | |
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| Products of the citric acid cycle (one revolution) | |
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| Synthetic function of the citric acid cycle | |
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| Regulation of the citric acid cycle | |
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| Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation | |
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| Chemiosmotic hypothesis | |
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| Clinical relevance | |
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| Carbohydrate Metabolism | |
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| Carbohydrate digestion and absorption | |
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| Glycogen metabolism | |
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| Glycolysis | |
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| Gluconeogenesis | |
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| Regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis | |
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| Pentose phosphate pathway | |
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| Sucrose and lactose metabolism | |
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| Clinical relevance | |
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| Lipid Metabolism | |
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| Lipid function | |
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| Lipid digestion | |
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| Lipoprotein transport and metabolism | |
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| Oxidation of fatty acids | |
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| Fatty acid synthesis | |
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| Glycerolipid synthesis | |
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| Sphingolipid synthesis | |
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| Cholesterol synthesis | |
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| Clinical relevance | |
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| Amino Acid Metabolism | |
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| Functions of amino acids | |
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| Removal of amino acid nitrogen | |
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| Urea cycle and detoxification of NH+4 | |
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| Carbon skeletons of amino acids | |
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| Clinical relevance: inherited (inborn) errors of amino acid metabolism | |
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| Nucleotide Metabolism | |
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| Nucleotide structure | |
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| Nucleotide function | |
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| Purine nucleotide synthesis | |
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| Pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis | |
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| Deoxyribonucleotide synthesis | |
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| Nucleotide degradation | |
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| Clinical relevance | |
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| Nutrition | |
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| Energy needs | |
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| Macronutrients | |
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| Micronutrients: the fat-soluble vitamins | |
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| Micronutrients: the water-soluble vitamins | |
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| Minerals | |
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| Gene Expression | |
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| Genetic information | |
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| DNA and RNA: nucleic acid structure | |
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| DNA synthesis (replication) | |
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| Transcription | |
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| Translation (protein synthesis) | |
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| Mutations | |
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| Biochemical Technology | |
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| Protein purification | |
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| Protein analysis | |
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| DNA analysis | |
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| Cloning of recombinant DNA and protein | |
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| Clinical relevance | |
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| Hormones | |
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| Overview | |
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| Classification of hormones | |
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| Mechanisms of hormone action | |
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| Hormones that regulate fuel metabolism | |
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| Hormones that regulate salt and water balance | |
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| Hormones that regulate calcium and phosphate metabolism | |
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| Hormones that regulate body size and metabolism | |
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| Hormones that regulate the male reproductive system | |
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| Hormones that regulate the female reproductive system | |
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| Clinical relevance: diabetes mellitus | |
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| Index | |