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| List of Performance Evaluations | |
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| Preface | |
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| Introduction to the Text | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| List of Contributors | |
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| Patient Assessment | |
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| Basics of Asepsis | |
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| Microorganism Transmission | |
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| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidelines | |
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| Handwashing | |
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| Aseptic Gowning | |
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| Aseptic Application of Surgical Latex Gloves | |
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| Double-Bagging of Equipment and Supplies | |
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| Aseptic Removal of Isolation Attire | |
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| Basic Patient Assessment: Vital Signs and Breath Sounds | |
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| Body Temperature | |
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| Pulse | |
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| Respiratory Rate | |
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| Blood Pressure | |
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| Sound | |
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| Measuring Body Temperature | |
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| Measuring Oral Temperature | |
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| Measuring the Pulse | |
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| Measuring Respiratory Rate | |
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| Assessing Blood Pressure | |
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| Auscultation of Breath Sounds | |
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| Advanced Patient Assessment: Inspection, Palpation, and Percussion | |
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| Chest Landmarks for Assessment | |
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| Assessment Techniques and Abnormal Findings | |
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| Preexamination and Other Considerations | |
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| Inspection of the Chest | |
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| Radiologic Assessment | |
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| Production of a Chest Radiograph | |
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| Radiodensity of Common Materials | |
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| X-Ray Views of the Chest | |
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| The Normal Chest Radiograph | |
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| Common Abnormalities on the Chest Radiograph | |
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| Ventilation-Perfusion Scanning | |
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| Pulmonary Angiography | |
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| Computed Tomography of the Chest | |
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| Chest Film Orientation | |
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| Rotation and Penetration | |
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| Viewing the Chest Radiograph | |
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| Pulmonary Function Testing | |
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| Rationale for Bedside Monitoring | |
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| Equipment Used in Measuring Bedside Parameters | |
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| Bedside Measurements | |
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| Basic Spirometry | |
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| Capacities and Their Significance | |
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| The Forced Vital Capacity Tracing | |
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| Maximum Voluntary Ventilation | |
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| ATPS to BTPS Conversion | |
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| Flow-Volume Loops | |
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| Measurement of Functional Residual Capacity and Residual Volume | |
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| Diffusion: Single Breath Carbon Monoxide Test | |
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| Hazards of Pulmonary Function Testing | |
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| Bedside Monitoring: Equipment Assembly and Testing | |
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| Preparation of the Collins Water Seal Spirometer | |
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| Patient Factors in Spirometry | |
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| Measuring the Bedside Pulmonary Function Parameters | |
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| Basic Spirometry: Using the Collins Water Seal Spirometer | |
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| Pulmonary Function Tests | |
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| Measuring and Calculating Components of a Pulmonary Function Testing Tracing | |
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| Measuring and Calculating the Forced Vital Capacity | |
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| Maximum Voluntary Ventilation | |
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| Conversion from ATPS to BTPS | |
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| Calculating Predicted Values | |
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| Interpretation of the Results | |
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| Electrocardiography | |
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| Electrical Physiology of the Heart | |
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| The Normal ECG and the Electrical Activity of the Heart | |
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| The Twelve Leads of an ECG | |
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| Dangerous and Life-Threatening Arrhythmias | |
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| ECG Artifact | |
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| Electrocardiograph Equipment | |
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| Equipment Required for an Electrocardiogram | |
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| Patient Positioning | |
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| Lead Placement | |
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| Arrhythmia Recognition | |
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| Operating the Electrocardiograph Machine | |
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| Artifact Recognition | |
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| Proper Handling of an Electrocardiographic Tracing | |
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| Phlebotomy | |
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| Obligations Related to Performance of Phlebotomy | |
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| Maintaining a Safe Environment | |
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| Equipment | |
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| Venipuncture Technique | |
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| Arterial Blood Gas Sampling | |
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| Anatomical Locations for Arterial Puncture | |
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| Complications of Arterial Puncture | |
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| Blood Gas Sampling Errors | |
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| Capillary Blood Gas Sampling | |
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| Supplies Needed for Arterial Puncture | |
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| Puncture Techniques | |
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| Postpuncture Care | |
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| Indwelling Arterial Catheter Sampling | |
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| Supplies for Capillary Sampling | |
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| Standard Precautions | |
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| Arterialization of the Puncture Site | |
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| Site Preparation | |
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| Obtaining the Sample | |
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| Care of the Sample | |
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| Care of the Puncture Site | |
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| Hemodynamic monitoring | |
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| Pascal's Law | |
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| Transducers | |
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| Central Venous Pressure Catheters | |
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| Pulmonary Artery Catheters or Swan-Ganz Catheters | |
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| Normal Pressure Ranges | |
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| Clinical Applications of the Pulmonary Artery Catheter | |
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| Case Studies Illustrating the Application of a Pulmonary Artery Catheter | |
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| Arterial Lines | |
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| Hazards with Indwelling Vascular Catheters | |
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| Equipment Required for Hemodynamic Monitoring | |
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| Equipment Setup and Preparation | |
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| Zeroing the Transducer | |
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| Identification of the Phlebostatic Axis | |
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| Wave Form Damping | |
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| Obtaining a Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure | |
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| Overwedging of the Balloon | |
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| Cardiac Output Determination | |
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| Arterial Line Maintenance | |
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| Zeroing an Arterial Line | |
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| Noninvasive Monitoring | |
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| Rationale for Noninvasive Monitoring | |
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| Noninvasive Monitoring Equipment | |
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| Limitations of Noninvasive Monitoring | |
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| Hazards of Noninvasive Monitoring | |
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| Assembly, Troubleshooting, and Calibration | |
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| Therapeutics | |
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| Documentation and Goals Assessment | |
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| The Medical Record | |
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| Goals Assessment and Documentation | |
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| Documentation Guidelines and Abbreviations | |
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| Oxygen Supply Systems | |
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| Medical Gas Cylinders | |
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| Medical Gas Piping Systems | |
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| Using Medical Gas Cylinders | |
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| Use of Portable Liquid Oxygen Systems | |
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| Use of an Oxygen Concentrator | |
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| Use of Air/Oxygen Blenders | |
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| Oxygen Administration | |
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| Indications for Oxygen Therapy | |
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| Low-Flow Oxygen Devices | |
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| High-Flow Oxygen Delivery Systems | |
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| Clinical Applications of Low-Flow and High-Flow Oxygen Systems | |
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| Humidification | |
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| Enclosures | |
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| Hazards of Oxygen Therapy | |
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| Introduction to Respiratory Care Pharmacology | |
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| Receptor Site Theory | |
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| Mechanisms of Bronchospasm | |
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| Sympathomimetic Drugs | |
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| Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors | |
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| Anticholinergic Drugs | |
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| Corticosteroids in Respiratory Care | |
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| Cromolyn Sodium and Asthma Management | |
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| Mucokinetic Agents | |
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| Use of Bland Aerosols in Respiratory Care | |
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| Aerosolized Antimicrobial Agents | |
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| Metered Dose Inhalers | |
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| Dry Powder Inhalers (DPI) | |
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| Metered Dose Inhaler | |
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| Use of a Spacer with a Metered Dose Inhaler | |
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| Dry Powder Inhalers | |
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| Humidity and Aerosol Therapy | |
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| What Is Humidity and What Is Aerosol? | |
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| Equipment for Humidity and Aerosol Therapy | |
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| Humidity and Aerosol Therapy | |
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| Aerosol/Oxygen Delivery Devices | |
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| Bronchial Hygiene Therapy | |
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| Body Alignment and Stance | |
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| General Guidelines for Moving Patients | |
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| Safety Devices | |
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| Chest Percussion and Postural Drainage | |
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| Other Therapies for Bronchial Hygiene | |
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| General Guidelines | |
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| Patient Positioning | |
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| Use of Restraints | |
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| Manual Beds | |
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| Percussion Technique | |
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| Positive Expiratory Pressure Therapy | |
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| Flutter Valve Therapy | |
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| High-Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation Therapy Administration | |
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| Adjunctive Breathing Techniques | |
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| Hyperinflation Therapy | |
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| Hyperventilation Modalities | |
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| Goals of and Indications for Hyperinflation Therapy | |
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| Hazards and Complications of Hyperventilation Therapy | |
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| Incentive Spirometers | |
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| The Bird Mark 7 Ventilator | |
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| The Bennett PR-2 Ventilator | |
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| Bennett AP-5 Ventilator | |
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| Percussionaire IPV-1 | |
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| Incentive Spirometry | |
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| IPPB Therapy | |
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| Intrapulmonary Percussive Ventilation Therapy | |
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| Bronchoscopy Assisting | |
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| Therapeutic and Diagnostic Bronchoscopy | |
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| Indications for Bronchoscopy | |
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| Rigid and Flexible Bronchoscopes | |
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| Types of Instruments | |
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| Types of Sample Testing and Analysis | |
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| Solutions Used to Fix or Prepare Samples for Testing | |
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| Personal Protective Equipment | |
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| Bronchoscopy Room or Suite | |
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| Medications Employed for Anesthesia and Analgesia | |
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| Patient Monitoring | |
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| Hazards and Complications of Bronchoscopy | |
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| Equipment Preparation | |
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| Documentation Preparation | |
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| Patient Preparation | |
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| Supplemental Oxygen | |
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| Bronchoscopy Assisting | |
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| Specimen Preparation | |
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| Bronchoalveolar Lavage | |
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| Patient Monitoring | |
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| Bronchoscopy During Mechanical Ventilation | |
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| Documentation | |
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| Cleaning the Bronchoscope | |
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| Sample Delivery | |
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| Equipment Processing and Surveillance | |
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| Related Microbiology | |
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| Equipment Processing Terms | |
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| Equipment Processing Methods | |
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| Facility Design for Equipment Processing | |
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| Bacteriological Surveillance Programs | |
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| Data Utilization | |
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| Output Sampling With the Aerotest | |
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| Swab Sampling | |
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| Surveillance Records | |
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| Processing Respiratory Care Equipment | |
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| Emergency Management | |
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| Emergency Airway Management | |
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| Anatomy of the Upper Airway | |
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| Reflexes of the Upper Airway | |
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| Upper Airway Obstruction | |
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| Resuscitators | |
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| Importance of Inspiratory-Expiratory Ratio During Resuscitation | |
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| Intubation: What Is It? | |
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| Complications of Intubation | |
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| Patient Positioning to Relieve Upper Airway Obstruction | |
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| Airway Insertion | |
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| Preparation of Manual Resuscitators | |
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| Ventilation with a Manual Resuscitator | |
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| Equipment Preparation and Assembly for Intubation | |
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| Intubation Techniques | |
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| Extubation | |
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| Artificial Airway Care | |
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| Suctioning | |
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| Cuff Pressure Monitoring | |
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| Tracheostomy and Stoma Care | |
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| Suctioning Procedure | |
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| Cuff Pressure Measurement | |
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| Tracheostomy Care Procedure | |
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| Stoma Care Procedure | |
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| Chest Tubes | |
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| Chest Tubes: Basic Principles | |
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| Chest Drainage System | |
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| Assisting with Chest Tube Placement | |
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| Setup and Maintenance of the Chest Drainage System | |
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| Insertion and Maintenance of Intravenous Lines | |
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| The Principles of Intravenous Therapy | |
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| Intravenous Fluid Properties | |
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| Locating Acceptable Sites for Intravenous Needle Placement | |
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| Complications of Intravenous Therapy | |
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| Maintenance of Intravenous Infusions | |
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| Drip Rate Calculations | |
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| Supplies Needed for Intravenous Cannulation | |
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| Venipuncture Procedure | |
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| Maintenance of Intravenous Infusions | |
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| Discontinuing Intravenous Therapy | |
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| Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping | |
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| Cardiac Anatomy | |
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| Cardiac Physiology | |
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| Cardiac Pathology | |
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| Fundamental Principles of IABP Therapy | |
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| Ventilation | |
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| Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation | |
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| Definition of Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation | |
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| Indications for Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation | |
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| Assessment of the Patient for Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation | |
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| Patient-Ventilator Interface In Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation | |
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| Hazards and Complications of Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation | |
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| How Resistance and Compliance Affect Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation | |
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| Modes of Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation | |
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| Supplemental Oxygen Delivery | |
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| Patient Monitoring | |
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| Patient Assessment for NPPV | |
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| Assembly and Testing of the Ventilator | |
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| Mask Selection | |
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| Ventilator Settings | |
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| Patient Monitoring | |
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| Patient Charting | |
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| Continuous Mechanical Ventilation | |
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| What is Continuous Mechanical Ventilation? | |
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| Indications for Mechanical Ventilation | |
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| Criteria for Mechanical Ventilation | |
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| Modes of Mechanical Ventilation | |
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| Hazards and Complications of Mechanical Ventilation | |
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| Assessing the Patient for Mechanical Ventilation | |
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| Equipment Requirements | |
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| Establishing Ordered Ventilator Settings | |
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| Special Ventilatory Functions | |
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| Alarms | |
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| Monitoring the Patient-Ventilator System | |
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| Documentation of Ventilator Settings | |
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| Documentation of Patient Values | |
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| Changing a Ventilator Circuit | |
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| Special Ventilatory Procedures | |
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| PEEP and CPAP | |
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| Physiological Effects of PEEP and CPAP | |
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| Weaning Methods and Modes of Mechanical Ventilation | |
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| Specialized Monitoring Procedures | |
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| Static and Dynamic Pressure-Volume Curves | |
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| Criteria for Weaning | |
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| Physiological Effects of Weaning | |
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| Positive End-Expiratory Pressure | |
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| Continuous Positive Airway Pressure | |
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| Initiation of CPAP and PEEP | |
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| PEEP Trial | |
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| Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation | |
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| Initiation of IMV or of IMV with CPAP | |
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| Pressure Support | |
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| AMV and EMMV | |
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| Flow Triggering | |
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| Measurement of V[subscript D]/V[subscript T] | |
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| Measurement of Static and Dynamic Pressure-Volume Curves | |
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| Measurement of Spontaneous Parameters | |
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| Wave form Analysis | |
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| Common Wave Forms | |
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| Wave Form Morphologies | |
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| Analysis of Specific Wave Forms | |
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| Wave Form Interpretation | |
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| Clinical Criteria for Appropriate Wave Form Selection | |
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| Newborn Mechanical Ventilation | |
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| Basics of Newborn Mechanical Ventilation | |
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| Indications for Mechanical Ventilation in the Newborn | |
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| Underlying Conditions That May Contribute to Respiratory Failure | |
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| Newborn Ventilatory Support Concepts | |
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| Hazards and Complications of Newborn Mechanical Ventilation | |
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| Assessing the Need for Mechanical Ventilation | |
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| Equipment Requirements | |
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| Establishing Ordered Ventilator Settings | |
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| Alarms | |
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| Patient Monitoring and Assessment | |
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| Ventilator Monitoring | |
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| Answers to Self-Evaluation Post Tests | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |