| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| About the Authors | |
| |
| |
| Acknowledgments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Nutrients and Nourishment | |
| |
| |
| Why Do We Eat the Way We Do? | |
| |
| |
| Introducing the Nutrients | |
| |
| |
| Applying the Scientific Process to Nutrition | |
| |
| |
| From Research Study to Headline | |
| |
| |
| |
| Nutrition Guidelines and Assessment | |
| |
| |
| Linking Nutrients, Foods, and Health | |
| |
| |
| Nutrition Assessment: Determining Nutritional Health | |
| |
| |
| Nutrition Assessment Methods | |
| |
| |
| |
| Digestion and Absorption | |
| |
| |
| Taste and Smell: The Beginnings of Our Food Experience | |
| |
| |
| The Gastrointestinal Tract | |
| |
| |
| Overview of Digestion: Physical and Chemical Processes | |
| |
| |
| Overview of Absorption | |
| |
| |
| Assisting Organs | |
| |
| |
| Putting It All Together: Digestion and Absorption | |
| |
| |
| Regulation of Gastrointestinal Activity | |
| |
| |
| Circulation of Nutrients | |
| |
| |
| Influences on Digestion and Absorption | |
| |
| |
| Nutrition and GI Disorders | |
| |
| |
| |
| Carbohydrates | |
| |
| |
| What Are Carbohydrates? | |
| |
| |
| Simple Sugars: Monosaccharides and Disaccharides | |
| |
| |
| Complex Carbohydrates | |
| |
| |
| Carbohydrate Digestion and Absorption | |
| |
| |
| Carbohydrates in the Body | |
| |
| |
| Carbohydrates in the Diet | |
| |
| |
| Carbohydrates and Health | |
| |
| |
| |
| Lipids | |
| |
| |
| What Are Lipids? | |
| |
| |
| Fatty Acids Are Key Building Blocks | |
| |
| |
| Triglycerides | |
| |
| |
| Phospholipids | |
| |
| |
| Sterols | |
| |
| |
| Digestion and Absorption | |
| |
| |
| Lipids in the Body | |
| |
| |
| Lipids in the Diet | |
| |
| |
| Lipids and Health | |
| |
| |
| |
| Proteins and Amino Acids | |
| |
| |
| Why is Protein Important? | |
| |
| |
| Amino Acids: The Building Blocks of Protein | |
| |
| |
| Functions of Body Proteins | |
| |
| |
| Protein Digestion and Absorption | |
| |
| |
| Proteins in the Body | |
| |
| |
| Proteins in the Diet | |
| |
| |
| The Pros and Cons of Vegetarianism | |
| |
| |
| The Health Effects of Too Little or Too Much Protein | |
| |
| |
| |
| Metabolism | |
| |
| |
| Energy: Fuel for Work | |
| |
| |
| Who Are The Key Energy Players? | |
| |
| |
| Breakdown and Release of Energy | |
| |
| |
| Biosynthesis and Storage | |
| |
| |
| Regulation of Metabolism | |
| |
| |
| Spotlight on Alcohol | |
| |
| |
| History of Alcohol Use | |
| |
| |
| The Chemistry and Character of Alcohol | |
| |
| |
| Alcohol: Is It a Nutrient? | |
| |
| |
| Formation or Production of Alcohol and Its Sources | |
| |
| |
| Alcohol Absorption | |
| |
| |
| Alcohol Metabolism | |
| |
| |
| Individual Differences in Alcohol Metabolism | |
| |
| |
| When Alcohol Becomes a Problem | |
| |
| |
| Alcoholics and Malnutrition | |
| |
| |
| Does Alcohol Have Benefits? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Energy Balance, Body Composition, and Weight Management | |
| |
| |
| Energy In | |
| |
| |
| Energy Out: Uses of Fuel | |
| |
| |
| Body Composition: Understanding Fatness and Weight | |
| |
| |
| When Energy Balance Goes Awry | |
| |
| |
| Weight Management | |
| |
| |
| Underweight | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fat-Soluble Vitamins | |
| |
| |
| Understanding Vitamins | |
| |
| |
| Vitamin A: The Retinoids | |
| |
| |
| The Carotenoids | |
| |
| |
| Vitamin D | |
| |
| |
| Vitamin E | |
| |
| |
| Vitamin K | |
| |
| |
| |
| Water-Soluble Vitamins | |
| |
| |
| The Water-Soluble Vitamins: Eight Bs and a C | |
| |
| |
| The B Vitamins | |
| |
| |
| Thiamin | |
| |
| |
| Riboflavin | |
| |
| |
| Niacin | |
| |
| |
| Pantothenic Acid | |
| |
| |
| Biotin | |
| |
| |
| Vitamin B6 | |
| |
| |
| Folate | |
| |
| |
| Vitamin B12 | |
| |
| |
| Vitamin C | |
| |
| |
| Vitamin-like Compounds | |
| |
| |
| |
| Water and Major Minerals | |
| |
| |
| Water: The Essential Ingredient for Life | |
| |
| |
| Intake Recommendations: How Much Water Is Enough? | |
| |
| |
| Major Minerals | |
| |
| |
| Sodium | |
| |
| |
| Potassium | |
| |
| |
| Chloride | |
| |
| |
| Calcium | |
| |
| |
| Phosphorus | |
| |
| |
| Magnesium | |
| |
| |
| Sulfur | |
| |
| |
| Major Minerals and Health | |
| |
| |
| |
| Trace Minerals | |
| |
| |
| What Are Trace Elements? | |
| |
| |
| Iron | |
| |
| |
| Zinc | |
| |
| |
| Selenium | |
| |
| |
| Iodine | |
| |
| |
| Copper | |
| |
| |
| Manganese | |
| |
| |
| Fluoride | |
| |
| |
| Chromium | |
| |
| |
| Molybdenum | |
| |
| |
| Other Trace Elements and Ultratrace Elements | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sports Nutrition | |
| |
| |
| Benefits of Exercise | |
| |
| |
| Energy for Physical Performance | |
| |
| |
| Nutrition Supplements and Ergogenic Aids | |
| |
| |
| Weight and Body Composition | |
| |
| |
| Spotlight on Eating Disorders | |
| |
| |
| The Eating Disorder Continuum | |
| |
| |
| History of a Modern Malady | |
| |
| |
| No Simple Causes | |
| |
| |
| Anorexia | |
| |
| |
| Bulimia Nervosa | |
| |
| |
| Binge-Eating Disorder | |
| |
| |
| Males: An Overlooked Population | |
| |
| |
| Anorexia Athletica | |
| |
| |
| The Female Athlete Triad | |
| |
| |
| Vegetarianism and Eating Disorders | |
| |
| |
| Smoking and Eating Disorders | |
| |
| |
| Baryophobia | |
| |
| |
| Infantile Anorexia | |
| |
| |
| Combating Eating Disorders | |
| |
| |
| |
| Life Cycle: Pregnancy and Lactation | |
| |
| |
| Pregnancy | |
| |
| |
| Lactation | |
| |
| |
| Resources for Pregnant and Lactating Women | |
| |
| |
| |
| Life Cycle: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence | |
| |
| |
| Infancy | |
| |
| |
| Childhood | |
| |
| |
| Adolescence | |
| |
| |
| |
| Life Cycle: The Adult Years | |
| |
| |
| Staying Young while Growing Older | |
| |
| |
| How People Age | |
| |
| |
| Nutrient Needs of the Mature Adult | |
| |
| |
| Nutrition-Related Concerns of Mature Adults | |
| |
| |
| Meal Management for Mature Adults | |
| |
| |
| Spotlight on Complementary and Alternative Nutrition | |
| |
| |
| Complementary and Alternative Medicine | |
| |
| |
| Alternative Nutrition | |
| |
| |
| Dietary Supplements in the Marketplace | |
| |
| |
| |
| Food Safety and Technology | |
| |
| |
| Food Safety | |
| |
| |
| Food Technology | |
| |
| |
| |
| World View of Nutrition | |
| |
| |
| Malnutrition in the United States | |
| |
| |
| MaInutrition in the Developing World | |
| |
| |
| |
| Food Composition Tables | |
| |
| |
| |
| Exchange Lists for Meal Planning | |
| |
| |
| |
| Nutrition and Health for Canadians | |
| |
| |
| |
| Phytochemicals | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Gastrointestinal Tract | |
| |
| |
| |
| Biochemical Structures | |
| |
| |
| |
| Major Metabolic Pathways | |
| |
| |
| |
| Calculations and Conversions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Growth Charts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Food Safety Tables | |
| |
| |
| |
| Information Resources | |
| |
| |
| Answers to Study Questions | |
| |
| |
| Index/Glossary | |
| |
| |
| Photo Credits | |