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| List of Figures | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Wilderness Emergency Medical Care | |
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| First Response and Responsibility | |
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| A Brief History of Wilderness Medicine | |
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| Wilderness Medicine vs. Urban Medicine | |
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| Training | |
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| Legal Issues in Wilderness Medicine | |
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| Civil Law and the WFR | |
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| Negligence | |
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| Legal Considerations | |
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| Legal Protection | |
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| Patient Assessment and Initial Concerns | |
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| Patient Assessment | |
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| Stop! Size up the Scene | |
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| Stop! Assess the Patient for Immediate Threats to Life | |
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| Stop! Complete a Focused Exam and Patient History | |
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| Stop! Document and Report the Event | |
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| Stop! Monitor the Patient's Condition | |
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| Airway and Breathing | |
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| Basic Anatomy of the Airway | |
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| Assessing the Airway | |
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| Foreign-Body Airway Obstruction: Conscious Adult | |
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| Rescue Breathing | |
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| Recovery Position | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines | |
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| Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation | |
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| Basic Anatomy of the Heart | |
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| Cardiac Arrest and CPR | |
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| Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation | |
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| Adult One-Rescuer CPR | |
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| Complications Caused by CPR | |
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| Criteria for Stopping CPR | |
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| Special Considerations for the Wilderness | |
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| Specific Wilderness Situations | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines | |
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| Bleeding | |
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| Types of Bleeding | |
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| Body Response to Bleeding | |
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| Control of External Bleeding | |
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| Internal Bleeding | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines | |
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| Shock | |
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| Basic Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular System | |
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| Shock | |
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| Types and Causes of Shock | |
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| Stages of Shock | |
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| Risk Factors | |
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| Management of Shock | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines | |
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| Spine Injuries | |
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| Basic Anatomy of the Spine | |
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| Mechanisms of Injury | |
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| Types of Spinal Cord Injuries | |
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| General Assessment of the Spine | |
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| Treatment for Suspected Spinal Injury | |
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| Lifting and Moving a Patient | |
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| Special Considerations for the Wilderness | |
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| The Focused Spine Assessment | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines | |
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| Traumatic Injuries | |
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| Head Injuries | |
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| Basic Anatomy of the Head | |
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| Types of Head Injuries | |
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| Levels of Head Injury | |
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| Treatment for Serious Head Injury | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines | |
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| Chest Injuries | |
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| Basic Anatomy of the Chest and Normal Breathing | |
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| Types of Chest Injuries | |
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| General Treatment Guidelines | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines | |
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| Abdominal Injuries | |
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| Basic Anatomy of the Abdomen | |
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| General Abdominal Trauma Assessment | |
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| Blunt Trauma Assessment and Treatment | |
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| Penetrating Trauma Assessment and Treatment | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines | |
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| Fractures | |
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| Basic Anatomy of the Musculoskeletal System | |
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| Types of Fractures | |
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| General Assessment of a Fracture | |
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| General Principles of Fracture Treatment | |
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| Specific Treatment for Upper Body Fractures | |
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| Specific Treatment for Lower Body Fractures | |
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| Complicated Fractures | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines | |
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| Dislocations | |
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| General Assessment and Treatment of Dislocations | |
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| Specific Treatment for Upper Body Dislocations | |
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| Specific Treatment for Lower Body Dislocations | |
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| Long-Term Care for Dislocations | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines | |
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| Athletic Injuries | |
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| General Assessment of Athletic Injuries | |
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| General Treatment of Athletic Injuries | |
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| Specific Treatment for General Types of Athletic Injuries | |
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| Specific Treatment for Specific Athletic Injuries | |
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| Prevention of Athletic Injuries | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines | |
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| Wilderness Wound Management | |
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| Basic Anatomy of the Skin | |
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| Types of Wounds | |
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| General Wound Management | |
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| Management of Specific Wounds | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines for Wounds | |
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| Wilderness Burn Management | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines for Burns | |
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| General Wound Infection Management | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines for Infected Wounds | |
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| Environmental Emergencies | |
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| Cold-Induced Emergencies | |
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| Heat Production | |
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| Heat Loss | |
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| Hypothermia | |
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| Frostbite | |
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| Nonfreezing Cold Injury | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines | |
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| Heat-Induced Emergencies | |
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| Dehydration | |
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| Heat Cramps | |
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| Heat Exhaustion | |
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| Heatstroke | |
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| Hyponatremia | |
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| Prevention of Heat-Induced Emergencies | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines | |
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| Altitude Illnesses | |
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| Acclimatization | |
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| Acute Mountain Sickness | |
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| High-Altitude Cerebral Edema | |
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| High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema | |
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| Prevention of Altitude Illnesses | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines | |
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| Immersion and Submersion Incidents | |
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| Immersion | |
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| Drowning | |
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| Near-Drowning | |
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| Prevention | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines | |
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| Lightning Injuries | |
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| Mechanisms of Injury | |
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| Types of Injuries | |
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| Management of the Patient | |
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| Prevention of Lightning Injuries | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines | |
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| North American Bites and Stings | |
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| Reptiles | |
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| Spiders | |
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| Scorpions | |
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| Zoonoses | |
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| Hymenoptera | |
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| Centipedes | |
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| Bears | |
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| Dangerous Marine Life | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines | |
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| Diving Emergencies | |
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| Physical Principles of Diving | |
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| Types of Barotrauma | |
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| Other Diving Disorders | |
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| Prevention of Diving Emergencies | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines | |
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| Medical Emergencies | |
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| Cardiac Emergencies | |
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| Types of Cardiac Emergencies | |
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| General Treatment for Cardiac Emergencies | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines | |
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| Respiratory Emergencies | |
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| Types of Respiratory Emergencies | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines | |
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| Neurological Emergencies | |
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| Basic Anatomy of the Brain | |
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| Unconscious States | |
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| Types of Neurological Emergencies | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines | |
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| Diabetic Emergencies | |
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| Normal Physiology | |
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| Diabetic Physiology | |
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| Hyperglycemia | |
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| Hypoglycemia | |
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| Diabetics in the Wilderness | |
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| Prevention of Diabetic Emergencies | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines | |
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| Poisoning Emergencies | |
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| Ingested Poisons | |
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| Treatment for Ingested Poisons | |
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| Inhaled Poisons | |
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| Treatment for Inhaled Poisons | |
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| Absorbed Poisons | |
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| Injected Poisons | |
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| General Treatment Guidelines for Poisonings | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines | |
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| Allergic Reactions and Anaphylaxis | |
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| Allergic Reactions | |
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| Anaphylaxis | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines | |
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| Abdominal Illnesses | |
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| General Abdominal Illness Assessment | |
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| Some Types of Abdominal Illnesses | |
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| General Treatment for Abdominal Illnesses | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines | |
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| Communicable Diseases and Camp Hygiene | |
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| Agents of Infection | |
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| Communication of Disease | |
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| Some Specific Communicable Diseases | |
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| Camp Hygiene | |
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| Principles of Camp Hygiene | |
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| Special Emergencies | |
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| Common Simple Medical Problems | |
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| Headaches | |
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| Eye Injuries | |
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| Ear Injuries | |
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| Nose Injuries | |
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| Skin Damage | |
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| Gastrointestinal Problems | |
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| Flu-Like Illness | |
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| Solar Radiation Problems | |
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| Motion Sickness | |
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| Dental Problems | |
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| Other Mouth Problems | |
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| Gender-Specific Emergencies | |
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| General Assessment Guidelines for Gender-Specific Emergencies | |
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| Basic Anatomy of the Male Genitalia | |
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| Male-Specific Emergencies | |
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| Basic Anatomy of the Female Genitalia | |
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| Female-Specific Emergencies | |
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| Obstetrical Emergencies | |
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| Basic Anatomy and Physiology of Pregnancy | |
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| Obstetrical Emergencies | |
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| Normal Childbirth | |
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| Complications of Delivery | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines | |
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| Psychological and Behavioral Emergencies | |
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| Normal Responses to Crisis | |
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| Critical-Incident Stress | |
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| Basic Psychological Impairment | |
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| Evacuation Guidelines | |
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| Special Concerns | |
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| Emergency Procedures for Outdoor Groups | |
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| Trip Plans | |
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| Evacuation Organization | |
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| Managing a Lost Person Incident | |
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| Wilderness Transportation of the Sick or Injured | |
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| Walk-Out/Ski-Out | |
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| One-Rescuer Carries | |
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| Two-Rescuer Carries | |
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| Litters | |
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| Horse Transports | |
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| Vehicle Tansports | |
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| Wilderness Medical Kits | |
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| General Guidelines for Wilderness Medical Kits | |
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| Specific Considerations for Wilderness Medical Kits | |
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| Appendixes | |
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| Oxygen and Mechanical Aids to Breathing | |
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| Oxygen and Respiration | |
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| Supplemental Oxygen Safety | |
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| The Tank | |
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| The Regulator | |
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| Oxygen Therapy | |
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| Airway Maintenance | |
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| Passive Delivery | |
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| Positive Pressure Delivery | |
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| Suction | |
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| Automated External Defibrillation | |
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| The AED | |
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| Operational Procedures | |
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| Basic Life Support for Healthcare Providers | |
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| Adult Two-Rescuer CPR | |
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| Child and Infant CPR | |
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| Foreign-Body Airway Obstructions | |
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| Rescue Breathing for Children and Infants | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |
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| About the Author | |
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| About WMI and NOLS | |