| |
| |
Preface | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction to Statistical Analyses | |
| |
| |
| |
Using Statistics to Conduct Quantitative Research | |
| |
| |
A World of Statistics | |
| |
| |
Why Do Quantitative Research? | |
| |
| |
Typical Steps Involved in Quantitative Research | |
| |
| |
| |
Collecting Data on Variables | |
| |
| |
Variables and Hypotheses | |
| |
| |
Measurement of Variables | |
| |
| |
Sampling | |
| |
| |
| |
Descriptive Statistics | |
| |
| |
| |
Central Tendency | |
| |
| |
Doing a Study and Reporting Descriptive Information | |
| |
| |
Typical Measures of Central Tendency | |
| |
| |
Relations among Mean Median and Mode | |
| |
| |
| |
Looking at Variability and Dispersion | |
| |
| |
Assessing Dispersion | |
| |
| |
The Relationship Between Measures of Central Tendency and Variability | |
| |
| |
Examining Distributions | |
| |
| |
| |
Correlations | |
| |
| |
The Notion of Correlation | |
| |
| |
Elements of the Correlation | |
| |
| |
Computing the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation | |
| |
| |
Matters Affecting Correlations | |
| |
| |
Methods of Correlations | |
| |
| |
Alternative Forms of Association | |
| |
| |
| |
Ensuring Reliability and Validity | |
| |
| |
The Notion of Measurement Acceptability | |
| |
| |
How to Do a study of Measurement Adequacy | |
| |
| |
Reliability | |
| |
| |
Validity | |
| |
| |
The Relation of Validity to Reliability | |
| |
| |
| |
Inferential Statistics | |
| |
| |
| |
Statistical Significance Hypothesis Testing when Comparing Two Means | |
| |
| |
Doing a Study that Tests a Hypothesis of Differences Between Means | |
| |
| |
Assumptions in Parametric Hypothesis Testing | |
| |
| |
Comparing Sample and Population Means | |
| |
| |
Comparing the Means of Two Sample Groups: The Two-Sample t Test | |
| |
| |
Comparing Means Differences of Paired Scores: The Paired Difference t | |
| |
| |
Assessing Power | |
| |
| |
| |
Comparing More than Two Means: One-Way Analysis of Variance | |
| |
| |
Hypothesis Testing for More than Two Means | |
| |
| |
The Analysis of Variance Hypothesis Test | |
| |
| |
What after ANOVA? Multiple Comparison Tests | |
| |
| |
Extensions of Analysis of Variance | |
| |
| |
| |
Factorial Analysis of Variance | |
| |
| |
Doing a Study that Involves More than One Independent Variable | |
| |
| |
Types of Effect to Test | |
| |
| |
Computing the Fixed-Effect ANOVA | |
| |
| |
Random and Mixed-Effects Designs | |
| |
| |
| |
Nonparametric Tests | |
| |
| |
| |
Nonparametric Tests for Categorical Variables | |
| |
| |
The Notion of "Distribution-Free" Statistics | |
| |
| |
Conducting a Study that Requires Nonparametric Tests of Categorical Data | |
| |
| |
The Chi-Square Test | |
| |
| |
Alternatives to Chi-Square for Frequency Data | |
| |
| |
| |
Nonparametric Tests for Rank Order Dependent Variables | |
| |
| |
Doing a Study Involving Ordinal Dependent Variables | |
| |
| |
Comparing Ranks of One Group to Presumed Populations Characteristics: Analogous Tests to One-Sample t Tests | |
| |
| |
Comparing Ranks from Two Sample Groups | |
| |
| |
Comparing Ranks from More than Two Sample Groups: Analogous Tests to One-Way ANOVA | |
| |
| |
| |
Advanced Statistical Applications | |
| |
| |
| |
Meta-Analysis | |
| |
| |
Meta-Analysis: An Alternative to Artistic Literature Reviews | |
| |
| |
Conducting the Meta-Analysis Study | |
| |
| |
Using Computer Techniques to Perform Meta-Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
Multiple Regression Correlation | |
| |
| |
Contrasting Bivariate Correlation and Multiple Regression Correlation | |
| |
| |
Components of Multiple Correlations | |
| |
| |
How to Do a Multiple Regression Correlation Study | |
| |
| |
| |
Extensions of Multiple Regression Correlation | |
| |
| |
Using Categorical Predictors | |
| |
| |
Contrasting Full and Reduced Models: Hierarchical Analysis | |
| |
| |
Interaction Effects | |
| |
| |
Examining Nonlinear Effects | |
| |
| |
| |
Exploratory Factor Analysis | |
| |
| |
Forms of Factor Analysis | |
| |
| |
The Notion of Multivariate Analyses | |
| |
| |
Exploratory Factor Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
Confirmatory Factor Analysis Through the AMOS Program | |
| |
| |
The Notion of Confirmatory Factor Analysis | |
| |
| |
Using the AMOS Program for Confirmatory Factor Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
Modeling Communication Behavior | |
| |
| |
The Goals of Modeling | |
| |
| |
How to Do a Modeling Study | |
| |
| |
Path Models | |
| |
| |
Using the AMOS Program | |
| |
| |
| |
Using Excel XP to Analyze Data | |
| |
| |
Getting Ready to Run Statistics With Excel | |
| |
| |
Handling Data | |
| |
| |
Using the Menu Bar | |
| |
| |
Toolbars | |
| |
| |
How to Run Statistics From the Analysis ToolPak | |
| |
| |
Using Functions | |
| |
| |
| |
Using SPSS 12 for Windows | |
| |
| |
How to enter and Screen Your Own Data in SPSS | |
| |
| |
How to Enter Data From a Word Processor | |
| |
| |
How to Create Indexes From Scales | |
| |
| |
Commands in the SPSS System | |
| |
| |
Dealing With Output | |
| |
| |
Alternative Editing Environments | |
| |
| |
| |
Tables | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Index | |
| |
| |
About the Author | |