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Foreword | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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Introduction | |
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Goals for the Book | |
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Data Sources | |
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Format and Scope of the Volume | |
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Patterns of Religion | |
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African American Religious Participation | |
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Overview of Chapter | |
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The Interface Between Religiosity and Spirituality | |
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Models of Religious Involvement in Black Churches | |
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Socio-Historical Role of the Church | |
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Religious Denomination | |
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Denominational Switching | |
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Generational Differences in Religious Denomination | |
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Conceptualization and Measurement of Religious Involvement | |
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Structural Determinants of Religious Involvement | |
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Profile of Religious Participation | |
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Black-White Differences | |
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Gender Differences | |
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Age Differences | |
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Marital Status Differences | |
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Education and Income Differences | |
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Regional and Urban-Rural Differences | |
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Denominational Differences in Religious Participation | |
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Physical Health Differences | |
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Religious Participation Among Elderly Blacks | |
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Religious Participation Among Blacks Adolescents | |
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Religious Noninvolvement | |
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Religious Artifacts | |
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Religious Identity | |
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Focus Group Findings | |
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Prayer | |
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Reading Religious Materials | |
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Religious Programming | |
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Meditation | |
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Religious Participation in the Context of Work | |
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Living in a Christ-Like Manner | |
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Volunteerism as a Form of Religious Participation | |
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Organized Religious Activities | |
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Focus Group Summary | |
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Chapter Summary and Conclusion | |
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The Frequency and Importance of Prayer | |
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Research on Prayer | |
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Research on Prayer Among Black Americans | |
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Requests for Prayer | |
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Focus Group Findings | |
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Communication and Relationship With God | |
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God as Best Friend | |
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Meditation and Prayer | |
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Prayers of Thanksgiving | |
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Prayers of Petition | |
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Prayer as Intercession | |
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Writing Down One's Prayers | |
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The Importance of Prayer | |
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The Power of Prayer | |
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Focus Group Summary | |
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Chapter Summary and Conclusion | |
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Functions of Religion | |
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Prayer as a Source of Coping | |
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Coping With Personal Problems | |
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Prayer and Coping With Life Problems | |
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Religious Coping and Caregiving | |
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Religious Coping and Health and Illness | |
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Harmful Effects of Religious Coping | |
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Prayer and Coping Among Black Americans | |
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Focus Group Findings | |
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Prayer Is an Ongoing Coping Activity | |
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Interpersonal Conflicts on the Job | |
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Prayer Gives Strength, Wisdom, and Guidance | |
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Prayer Reduces Stress | |
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Spiritual Component of Prayer | |
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Loving Your Enemies/Forgiveness | |
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Power of Prayer | |
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Focus Group Summary | |
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Chapter Summary and Conclusion | |
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Use of Ministers for Personal Problems | |
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Clergy and Formal Support Systems | |
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Clergy as a Coping Resource | |
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Survey Data on the Use of Ministers | |
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Focus Group Findings | |
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Patterns and Circumstances of Using Ministers | |
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Deciding to Forgo Clergy Help | |
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Choosing to Disclose Difficult Problems | |
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Focus Group Summary | |
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Chapter Summary and Conclusion | |
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Church Members as a Source of Social Support | |
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Church-Based Informal Social Support | |
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Family and Church Support | |
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Profile of the Receipt of Support From Church Members | |
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Focus Group Findings | |
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Church Members Provide Instrumental and Emotional Support | |
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Importance of Building Relationships With Church Members | |
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Importance of Having Church Members Provide Support | |
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Similarity Between Church Members and Family Members | |
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Formal Programs in the Church | |
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Reciprocal Relationships | |
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Giving Help to Church Members | |
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Difficulty in Giving and Receiving Help | |
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Focus Group Summary | |
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Chapter Summary and Conclusion | |
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Negative Interaction Among Church Members | |
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Research on Negative Interaction | |
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Negative Interaction Among African Americans | |
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Negative Interaction Among Church Members | |
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Survey Findings on Negative Interaction Among Church Members | |
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Focus Group Findings | |
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Church Members, Like Family Members, Have Conflict | |
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Gossip | |
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Avoiding Gossip | |
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Generational Differences | |
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Conflict Over Special Programs and Board Meetings | |
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Losing Church Members Because of Conflict | |
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Avoiding Conflict | |
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Feeling Unwelcome | |
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Helping People Feel Welcome | |
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Other Concerns | |
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Problems in Church Do Not Inhibit Attendance and Participation | |
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Focus Group Summary | |
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Chapter Summary and Conclusion | |
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Effects of Religion | |
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Impact of Religion on Physical Health | |
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Research on Religion and Health | |
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Religion and Health in African Americans | |
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Religion and Morbidity in Study Samples of Whites and Blacks | |
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Religion and Morbidity in African American Study Samples | |
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Religion and Mortality in African Americans | |
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Religion, Race, and Health: Theoretical Considerations | |
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Impact of Religion on Mental Health and Well-Being | |
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Religion and Mental Health: Clinical and Population-Based Research | |
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Religion, Aging, and Psychological Well-Being | |
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Religion, Mental Health, and Well-Being in African Americans | |
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Studies in Which Effects of Race Are Controlled | |
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Religion and Mental-Health Outcomes | |
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Religion and Psychological Well-Being | |
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Studies That Investigate Racial Differences | |
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African American Study Samples | |
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Religion and Depressive Symptoms | |
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Religion and Positive Well-Being | |
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Religion, Race, and Mental Health: Directions for Future Research | |
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Conclusions and Implications | |
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Chapter Review and Implications | |
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Current Research Projects | |
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Data Sources | |
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Multivariate Tables | |
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Recommended Reading and Resource Guide | |
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References | |
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Author Index | |
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Subject Index | |
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About the Authors | |