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| Preface | |
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| Foundation | |
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| Introduction to Intercultural Communication | |
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| Why Study Intercultural Communication? | |
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| Technological Development | |
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| Globalization of the Economy | |
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| Widespread Population Migrations | |
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| Development of the Multiculturalism | |
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| A Short History of Intercultural Communication | |
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| The Chronological Development of Intercultural Communication Study | |
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| The Content of Intercultural Communication Study | |
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| Outline of the Textbook | |
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| Recap | |
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| Rethink | |
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| Questions for Discussion | |
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| Communication and Culture | |
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| The Communication Process | |
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| Communication Defined | |
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| Characteristics of Communication | |
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| A Model of Communication | |
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| The Nature of Culture | |
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| Culture Defined | |
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| Functions of Culture | |
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| Characteristics of Culture | |
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| Intercultural Communication | |
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| Forms of Intercultural Communication | |
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| Recap | |
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| Rethink | |
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| Questions for Discussion | |
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| Cultural Perception and Values | |
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| The Nature of Perception | |
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| Perception Defined | |
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| Stages of Perception Process | |
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| Cultural Influence on Perception | |
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| Stereotypes | |
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| Dimensions of Stereotypes | |
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| Prejudice | |
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| Forms of Prejudice | |
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| Origins and Impact of Stereotypes and Prejudice | |
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| The Nature of Values | |
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| Values and Communication | |
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| Cultural Value Orientations | |
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| Models for the Study of Cultural Value Orientations | |
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| Kluckhohn and Strodbeck's Model | |
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| Condon and Yousef's Model | |
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| Hall's Culture Context Model | |
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| Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions | |
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| Recap | |
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| Rethink | |
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| Questions for Discussion | |
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| Context | |
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| Language and Culture | |
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| Linguistics | |
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| The Structure of Human Language | |
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| Morphology | |
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| Phonology | |
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| Syntax | |
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| Semantics | |
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| Pragmatics | |
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| Characteristics of Language | |
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| Variations of Human Language | |
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| Dialects | |
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| Pidgins | |
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| Creole | |
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| Lingua Franca | |
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| Jargon | |
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| Argot | |
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| Taboo | |
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| Language and Culture | |
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| Language Determines Our Culture | |
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| Language Reflects Our Attitude | |
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| Cultural Value Orientations and Language Expressions | |
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| Relational Orientations | |
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| Positional Role Behavior | |
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| Ancestor Worship | |
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| Recap | |
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| Rethink | |
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| Questions for Discussion | |
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| Nonverbal Communication and Culture | |
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| The Nature of Nonverbal Communication | |
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| Nonverbal and Verbal Communication | |
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| Functions of Nonverbal Communication | |
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| Repetition | |
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| Replacement | |
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| Emphasis | |
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| Contradiction | |
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| Regulation | |
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| Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication | |
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| Nonverbal Communication Is Less Systematized | |
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| Nonverbal Communication Is Culture-Bound | |
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| Nonverbal Communication Is Ambiguous | |
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| The Structure of Nonverbal Communication | |
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| Kinesics | |
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| Proxemics | |
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| Paralanguage | |
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| Chronemics | |
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| Nonverbal Communication and Culture | |
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| Intercultural Skills in Nonverbal Communication | |
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| Recap | |
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| Rethink | |
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| Questions for Discussion | |
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| Interaction | |
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| Intercultural Relationship Development | |
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| The Nature of Human Relationships | |
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| Human Relationship Defined | |
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| Characteristics of Human Relationships | |
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| Stages of Relationship Development | |
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| Devito's Model | |
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| Knapp and Vangelisti's Model | |
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| Chen's Model | |
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| Theories of Relationship Development | |
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| Social Exchange Theory | |
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| Social Penetration Theory | |
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| Uncertainty Reduction Theory | |
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| Communication Accommodation Theory | |
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| Relationship Development and Culture | |
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| Particularism/Universalism | |
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| Long-Term/Short-Term Relationships | |
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| Ingroup/Outgroup Relationships | |
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| Formal/Informal Relationships | |
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| Personal/Public Relationships | |
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| Third-Culture Building | |
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| Intrapersonal Intracultural Communication | |
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| Interpersonal Intercultural Communication | |
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| Rhetorical Intercultural Communication | |
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| Metacultural Communication | |
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| Intracultural Communication | |
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| Recap | |
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| Rethink | |
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| Questions for Discussion | |
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| Intercultural Conflict Management | |
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| The Nature of Conflict | |
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| Types of Conflict | |
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| Cultural Influence on Conflict Management | |
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| Thinking Patterns | |
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| Language Barriers | |
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| Cultural Context | |
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| Determinant Factors of Conflicts | |
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| Face | |
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| Interrelation | |
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| Favor | |
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| Seniority | |
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| Status | |
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| Power | |
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| Credibility | |
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| Interest | |
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| Severity of the Conflict | |
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| Gender | |
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| Effective Management of Intercultural Conflicts | |
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| Recap | |
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| Rethink | |
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| Questions for Discussion | |
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| Intercultural Adaptation | |
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| Culture Shock and Intercultural Adaptation | |
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| Aspects of Culture Shock | |
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| Forms of Culture Shock | |
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| Symptoms of Culture Shock | |
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| Effects of Culture Shock | |
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| Perspectives on the Study of Intercultural Adaptation | |
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| Dimensions of Intercultural Adaptation | |
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| Stages of Intercultural Adaptation | |
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| U-Curve Pattern | |
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| W-Curve Pattern and Reentry Shock | |
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| Models for the Study of Intercultural Adaptation | |
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| A Dialectical Model | |
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| A Transformative Learning Model | |
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| Recap | |
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| Rethink | |
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| Questions for Discussion | |
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| Listening between Co-Cultures | |
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| Levels of Listening | |
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| Intrapersonal Listening | |
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| Interpersonal Intracultural Listening | |
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| History | |
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| Components of Intercultural Listening | |
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| Reciprocal Attending | |
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| Verbal and Nonverbal Messages | |
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| Differing History, Linguisticality, and Socialization | |
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| Mutual Understanding | |
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| Intercultural Listening as Qualitative Research | |
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| Stepping Outside to Listen | |
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| Narrative Listening | |
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| Sense-Making | |
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| The Media and Co-Cultural Narratives | |
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| How to Listen across Cultures | |
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| Reducing the Need to Consider New Ideas | |
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| Accepting the Added Demands of Seeing and Hearing Novel Messages | |
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| Waiting as Long as Possible before Merging the Story of Another into Our Own Narrative | |
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| Using Reciprocal Questioning to Build a Common Narrative with the Other Cultural Interactant | |
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| Recap | |
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| Rethink | |
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| Questions for Discussion | |
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| Application | |
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| Cultural Diversity and Multiculturalism | |
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| The Challenge of Cultural Diversity | |
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| Cultural Diversity in Organizations | |
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| The Report by the U.S. Department of Labor | |
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| Gender Impact | |
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| Ethnic Impact | |
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| Business Impact | |
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| Managing a Culturally Diverse Workforce | |
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| Planning | |
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| Organization | |
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| Leadership | |
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| Techniques for Diversity Management in Organizations | |
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| Multicultural Education | |
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| Exposure to Multicultural Perspectives | |
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| Maintaining Cultural Identity | |
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| Developing Intercultural Communication Skills | |
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| Diversification of Curriculum | |
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| Stages of the Process of Multiculturalism | |
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| The Need for Intercultural Sensitivity | |
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| What is Intercultural Sensitivity? | |
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| Intercultural Sensitivity and Training Programs | |
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| Components of Intercultural Sensitivity | |
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| Recap | |
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| Rethink | |
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| Questions for Discussion | |
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| Intercultural Communication Competence | |
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| The Nature of Communication Competence | |
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| Definition of Competence | |
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| Definition of Intercultural Communication Competence | |
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| Culture and Communication Competence | |
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| Approaches to the Study of Intercultural Communication Competence | |
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| Overseasmanship Approach | |
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| Subjective Culture Approach | |
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| Multicultural Person Approach | |
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| Social Behaviorism Approach | |
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| Typology Approach | |
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| Intercultural Communicators Approach | |
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| Dimensions and Components of Intercultural Communication Competence | |
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| Personality Attributes | |
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| Communication Skills | |
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| Psychological Adjustment | |
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| Cultural Awareness | |
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| Recap | |
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| Rethink | |
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| Questions for Discussion | |
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| Intercultural Training | |
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| Why Intercultural Training? | |
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| Effects of Intercultural Training | |
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| Goals of Intercultural Training | |
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| Models of Intercultural Training | |
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| The Classroom Model | |
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| The Simulation Model | |
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| The Self-Awareness Model | |
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| The Cultural-Awareness Model | |
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| The Behavioral Model | |
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| The Interaction Model | |
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| Intercultural Training Techniques | |
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| Role Playing | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Critical Incidents | |
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| Cultural Assimilators | |
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| Simulations | |
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| Evaluation of Intercultural Training | |
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| Recap | |
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| Rethink | |
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| Questions for Discussion | |
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| Ethical Issues and the Future | |
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| Ethics and the Future of Intercultural Communication | |
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| The Nature of Intercultural Communication Ethics | |
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| Ethics Defined | |
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| Why Study Communication Ethics? | |
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| Theories of Ethical Study | |
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| Principles of Ethical Intercultural Communication | |
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| Mutuality | |
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| Nonjudgmentalism | |
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| Honesty | |
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| Respect | |
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| Ethical Rules for Intercultural Communication | |
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| Promote Voluntary Participation in the Interaction | |
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| Seek Individual Focus Prior to Cultural Focus | |
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| Maintain the Right to Freedom from Harm | |
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| Accept the Right to Privacy of Thought and Action | |
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| Avoid Imposing Personal Biases | |
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| The Future of Intercultural Communication | |
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| Increasing or Decreasing the Intercultural Contact | |
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| International Perspective | |
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| Domestic Perspective | |
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| Unity versus Division | |
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| Ethnocentrism | |
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| Gender Impact | |
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| The Study of Intercultural Communication | |
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| Education | |
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| Business | |
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| Research | |
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| Recap | |
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| Questions for Discussion | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |