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Preface to the Seventh Edition | |
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Preface to the First Edition | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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The History of Headache | |
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Recording the Patient's Case History | |
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Age of Onset | |
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Frequency and Duration of Headaches | |
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Time of Onset | |
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Mode of Onset | |
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Early Warning Symptoms | |
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Aura | |
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Characteristics of Headache | |
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Site and Radiation of Pain | |
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Quality | |
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Associated Symptoms | |
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Precipitating Factors | |
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Aggravating Factors | |
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Relieving Factors | |
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Previous Treatment | |
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General Health | |
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System Review | |
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Past Health | |
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Family History | |
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Personal Background | |
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Occupation | |
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Personal or Family Problems | |
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Habits | |
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Emotional State | |
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Types of Headache | |
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Diagnosis Based on the History | |
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Age of Onset | |
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Frequency and Duration of Headaches | |
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Time of Onset | |
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Mode of Onset | |
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Site | |
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Quality | |
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Associated Phenomena | |
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Precipitating or Aggravating Factors | |
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Relieving Factors | |
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Conclusion | |
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Physical Examination | |
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General Appearance | |
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Mental State | |
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Speech | |
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Skull | |
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Spine | |
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Gait and Stance | |
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Special Senses | |
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Other Cranial Nerves | |
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Motor System | |
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Sensory System | |
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Sphincters and Sexual Functions | |
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General Examination | |
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Migraine: Varieties | |
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Definition | |
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Phases of Migraine | |
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Premonitory Symptoms | |
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Headache | |
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Resolution | |
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Variations on the Theme of Migraine | |
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Hemiplegic Migraine | |
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Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood | |
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Basilar-Type Migraine | |
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Childhood Periodic Syndromes in the IHS Classification | |
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Migrainous Vertigo in Adults | |
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Retinal Migraine and Monocular Blindness | |
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Complications of Migraine | |
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Chronic Migraine | |
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Status Migrainosus | |
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Persistent Aura Without Infarction | |
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Migrainous Infarction | |
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Migraine-Triggered Seizures | |
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Other Entities Related to Migraine | |
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Recurrent Neck Pain | |
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Cardiac Migraine | |
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Migraine Stupor | |
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Acute Confusional Migraine | |
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Transient Global Amnesia | |
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Migraine: Clinical Aspects | |
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The Extent of the Problem | |
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Prevalence | |
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Morbidity and Economic Impact | |
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The Patient with Migraine | |
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Sex and Age Distribution | |
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Genetic Background: The Family History | |
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"Migraine Personality" | |
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Mental and Emotional Factors | |
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Migraine and Allergy | |
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Migraine and Epilepsy | |
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Features of the Migraine Attack | |
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Precipitating Factors | |
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Physical Examination | |
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Differential Diagnosis and Investigation | |
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Electroencephalography | |
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Brain Imaging and Cerebral Angiography | |
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Electromyography | |
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Natural History and Prognosis | |
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Migraine: Pathophysiology | |
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The Predisposition-A Migrainous Brain | |
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Genetic Factors | |
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Magnesium Deficiency | |
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Excitatory Amino Acids | |
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Neurophysiologic Changes | |
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The Hypothalamo-Pituitary Axis and Dopaminergic Transmission | |
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Opioids and the Endogenous Pain-Control System | |
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Vascular Reactivity | |
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The Trigger-Initiation of the Migraine Attack | |
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The Migrainous Aura | |
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The Source of Pain in Migraine | |
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Pain-Producing Structures | |
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Pain from Other Extracranial Structures | |
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An Attempted Synthesis | |
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Summary | |
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Migraine: Treatment | |
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General (Nonpharmaceutical) Methods of Treatment | |
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Psychological Management | |
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Physiological Management (Relaxation and Biofeedback) | |
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Transcendental Meditation and Hypnotherapy | |
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Acupuncture | |
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Exercise | |
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Prevention of Salt and Water Retention | |
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Elimination Diets | |
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Spinal Manipulation | |
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Surgical Procedures | |
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Pharmacotherapy | |
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Agents Used in the Treatment of Acute Attacks | |
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Specific Treatments of Acute Migraine Attacks | |
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Nonspecific Treatments of Acute Migraine Attacks | |
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Agents Used for Prophylactic (Interval) Therapy | |
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The Practical Management of Migraine | |
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Pre-emptive Treatment | |
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Treatment of the Acute Attack | |
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Prophylactic Therapy for Frequent Migraine Attacks | |
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Migrainous Auras (Migrainous Equivalents) | |
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Menstrual Migraine and Pregnancy | |
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Migraine in Childhood | |
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Conclusion | |
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Tension-Type Headache | |
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Clinical Features of Tension-Type Headache | |
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Prevalence, Age, and Sex Distribution | |
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Morbidity and Economic Impact | |
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Family History | |
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Past Health | |
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Site of Headache | |
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Quality of Headache | |
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Time and Mode of Onset | |
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Frequency and Duration | |
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Associated Phenomena | |
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Underlying Precipitating, Aggravating, and Relieving Factors | |
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Physical Examination | |
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Pathophysiology | |
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Treatment | |
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Psychologic Management | |
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Physiologic Management: Relaxation and Biofeedback | |
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Pharmacologic Management | |
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Conclusion | |
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Chronic Daily Headache | |
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Classification and Prevalence of Chronic Daily Headache | |
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Tension-Type Headache or Migraine? | |
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Overuse of Medications: Cause or Consequence of Chronic Daily Headache? | |
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Pathophysiology of Chronic Daily Headache | |
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Treatment of Chronic Daily Headache | |
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What Is the Most Effective Preventive Treatment? | |
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Hemicrania Continua | |
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Historical Note | |
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Epidemiology | |
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Clinical Features | |
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Differential Diagnosis | |
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Investigations | |
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Treatment | |
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New Daily Persistent Headache | |
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Cluster Headache and Other Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalgias | |
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Cluster Headache | |
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Definition | |
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Nomenclature | |
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Prevalence | |
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Varieties of Cluster Headache | |
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Clinical Features | |
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Past History and Associated Disorders | |
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Genetic Background | |
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The Cluster Headache Personality | |
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Pathophysiology | |
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General Conclusions About the Clinical Features and Pathophysiology of Cluster Headache | |
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Investigation | |
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Treatment | |
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Abortive Agents | |
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Preventive Treatments | |
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Serotonergic Receptor Agonists and Antagonists | |
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Corticosteroids | |
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Other Agents | |
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Greater Occipital Nerve Blockade | |
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Surgery | |
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Paroxysmal Hemicrania | |
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Historical Note | |
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Epidemiology | |
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Classification | |
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Clinical Features | |
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Management | |
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Natural History and Prognosis | |
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Short-Lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform Headache Attacks with Conjunctival Injection and Tearing (SUNCT Syndrome) | |
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Historical Note | |
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Epidemiology | |
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Pathophysiology | |
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Clinical Features | |
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Secondary SUNCT | |
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Treatment | |
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Natural History | |
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Other Syndromes Possibly Related to Cluster Headache | |
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Overview | |
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Other Primary Headaches and Distinction from Those with Structural Cause | |
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The Exploding Head Syndrome | |
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Primary Stabbing Headache | |
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Ice-Pick Pains | |
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Jabs and Jolts Syndrome | |
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Ophthalmodynia | |
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Cough Headache | |
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Exertional Headache | |
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Headache Associated with Sexual Activity | |
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Primary Hypnic Headache | |
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Primary and Secondary Thunderclap Headache | |
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Call-Fleming Syndrome | |
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Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy | |
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Headache as a Symptom of Epilepsy | |
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Headaches Caused by Vasoactive Substances | |
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Alcohol | |
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Marijuana | |
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Cocaine | |
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Monosodium Glutamate: "Chinese Restaurant Syndrome" | |
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Nitrites and Nitrates: "Hot Dog Headache" (Nitric Oxide Donor-Induced Headaches) | |
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Histamine Headache | |
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Rebound Headache-Nicotine and Caffeine | |
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Peptide-Secreting Tumors | |
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Drug-Induced Headaches | |
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Headache Associated with Systemic Infections | |
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Metabolic Causes of Headache | |
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Hypoxia and Hypercapnia | |
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Sleep Apnea | |
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Mountain Sickness | |
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Hypoglycemia | |
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Headache During Hemodialysis | |
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Headache Following Epileptic Seizures | |
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Conclusion | |
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Post-Traumatic Headache and Whiplash Injury | |
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Incidence | |
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Pathophysiology | |
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Classification | |
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Intracranial Vascular Headache | |
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Extracranial Vascular Headache | |
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Post-Traumatic Migraine | |
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Post-Traumatic Dysautonomic Cephalalgia | |
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Pain in the Neck and Occipital Region from Injury to the Upper Cervical Spine ("Whiplash" Injury) | |
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Muscle Contraction (Tension) Headache | |
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Other Post-Traumatic Headaches | |
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Psychologic Aspect | |
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Litigation | |
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Prognosis | |
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Treatment | |
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Postcraniotomy Headache | |
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Conclusion | |
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Vascular Disorders | |
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Acute Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease | |
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Transient Ischemic Attacks | |
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Thromboembolic Stroke | |
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Intracranial Hematoma | |
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Intracerebral Hematoma | |
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Subdural and Extradural Hematoma | |
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Subarachnoid Hemorrhage | |
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Unruptured Aneurysm or Vascular Malformation | |
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Vasculitis | |
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Giant-Cell Arteritis (Temporal Arteritis) | |
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Carotid or Vertebral Artery Pain | |
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Carotid or Vertebral Dissection | |
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Carotidynia | |
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Postendarterectomy Headache | |
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Venous Thrombosis | |
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Increased Venous Pressure | |
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Arterial Hypertension | |
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Pressor Reactions | |
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Pituitary Apoplexy | |
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Nonvascular Intracranial Disorders | |
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High Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure | |
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Internal (Obstructive) Hydrocephalus | |
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Communicating Hydrocephalus | |
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Cerebral Edema | |
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Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Benign Intracranial Hypertension) | |
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Low Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure | |
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Postlumbar Puncture Headache | |
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Other Low-Pressure Syndromes | |
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Intracranial Infection | |
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Headache Associated with Intrathecal Injections | |
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Intracranial Granuloma | |
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Sarcoidosis | |
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Intracranial Tumors | |
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Pituitary Tumors | |
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Disorders of the Neck, Cranial, and Extracranial Structures | |
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Cranium | |
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Neck | |
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Upper Cervical Syndrome | |
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Whiplash Injury | |
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Third Occipital Nerve Headache | |
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Cervicogenic Headache | |
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"Cervical Migraine" | |
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Occipital Neuralgia | |
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Headache with Cervical Spinal Cord Lesions | |
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Eyes | |
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Ears, Nose, Sinuses, and Throat | |
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Teeth | |
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Temporomandibular Joint Disease | |
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Red Ear Syndrome | |
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Cranial Neuralgias and Central Causes of Facial Pain | |
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Trigeminal Neuralgia | |
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Clinical Features | |
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Etiology | |
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Neurophysiology | |
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Treatment | |
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Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia | |
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Nervus Intermedius Neuralgia | |
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Superior Laryngeal Neuralgia | |
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Neuralgias of Terminal Branches of the Trigeminal Nerve | |
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Supraorbital Neuralgia | |
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Nasociliary Neuralgia | |
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Other Terminal Branch Neuralgias | |
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Nummular Headache | |
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Occipital Neuralgia | |
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Neck-Tongue Syndrome | |
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External Compression | |
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Exposure to Cold | |
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Ice-Cream Headache | |
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Structural Lesions Compressing, Irritating, or Distorting Cranial Nerves or Upper Cervical Roots | |
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Raeder's Paratrigeminal Neuralgia | |
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Gradenigo's Syndrome | |
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Optic Neuritis | |
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Ocular Diabetic Neuropathy | |
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Postherpetic Neuralgia | |
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Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome | |
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Ophthalmoplegic Migraine | |
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Central Causes of Facial Pain | |
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Anesthesia Dolorosa | |
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Central Poststroke Pain | |
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Multiple Sclerosis | |
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Persistent Idiopathic Facial Pain | |
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Burning Mouth Syndrome | |
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Neuralgias of Uncertain Validity | |
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Sluder's Sphenopalatine Neuralgia | |
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Vail's Vidian Neuralgia | |
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Eagle's Syndrome | |
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The Investigation and General Management of Headache | |
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Differential Diagnosis | |
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The Acute Severe Headache | |
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The Subacute Onset of Headache | |
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Recurrent Discrete Episodes of Headache or Facial Pain | |
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Chronic Headache or Facial Pain (More Than 1 Year Duration) | |
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Investigation | |
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Blood Count and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate | |
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Plain X-rays | |
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Computed Tomography | |
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging | |
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Carotid and Vertebral Angiography | |
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Electroencephalography | |
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Lumbar Puncture | |
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Cerebrospinal Fluid Isotope Studies | |
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General Principles of Management | |
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An Explanation for Patients of Hyperventilation and Anxiety Attacks | |
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Relaxation Exercises: Instructions for Patients with Migraine or Tension-Type Headaches | |
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Index | |