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Preface | |
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Introduction | |
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Perplexing Problems in American Schooling | |
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Schools in Crisis | |
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The Need for Educational Sociology | |
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Applying Sociological Theory to Education | |
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The Development of American Schooling | |
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Does Schooling Really Matter? | |
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Previous Explanations for Unequal Achievement | |
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Explaining Unequal Achievement | |
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The Problem of Unequal Achievement | |
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Employing Sociological Theory to Explain Unequal Achievement | |
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Three Explanations of Unequal Achievement | |
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Conclusions | |
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The Role of Family | |
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Explaining Unequal Achievement: The Family | |
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The Importance of Family Background | |
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The Concept of Cultural Capital | |
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The Concept of Social Capital | |
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Family Characteristics and Academic Achievement | |
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Parental Involvement and Academic Achievement | |
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The Role of the School | |
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Exploring Unequal Achievement: Differences Between Schools | |
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The Fundamental Belief in American Schooling | |
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The Challenge to Excellence and Access | |
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Differences Between Schools and Academic Achievement | |
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Contextual Issues-School and Class Size, Racial and SES Context of the School, Single Gender Schools and Classes | |
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Explaining Unequal Achievement: Within-School Differences | |
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The Significance of Within-School Differences | |
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Tracking: A Prime Factor in Unequal Achievement | |
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Getting on Track: Is Achievement Related to Specific Track Structure? | |
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Tracking Outcomes | |
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The Legality of Tracking | |
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Conclusions/Implications for Educational Policy | |
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A Theoretical Synthesis | |
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Explaining Unequal Achievement in School: A Theoretical Synthesis | |
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Previous Explanations of Unequal Achievement | |
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Toward a Theoretical Synthesis | |
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The Social Construction of Reality | |
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Labeling Theory | |
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Teacher Expectations | |
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The Process of Becoming an Underachiever | |
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Conclusions and Discussion | |
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Where Do We Go From Here? Discussion and Policy Implications | |
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Solving the Problem of Unequal Achievement | |
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What Can Schools Do? Effective Schools Research | |
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What Can Families Do? | |
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What Can Governments Do? | |
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Conclusion | |
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Glossary | |
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Bibliography | |
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Index | |