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Nutrition Basics | |
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Digestion, Absorption, Transport, and Excretion of Nutrients | |
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The Gastrointestinal Tract | |
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Overview of Digestive and Absorptive Processes | |
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The Small Intestine: Primary Site of Nutrient Absorption | |
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The Large Intestine | |
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Summary | |
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Energy | |
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Components of Energy Expenditure | |
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Measurement of Energy Expenditure | |
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Estimating Energy Requirements | |
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Calculating Food Energy | |
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Macronutrients: Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Lipids | |
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Carbohydrates | |
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Fats and Lipids | |
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Amino Acids and Protein | |
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Macronutrient Use and Storage in the Fed State | |
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Macronutrient Catabolism in the Fasted State | |
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Summary | |
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Vitamins | |
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The Fat-Soluble Vitamins | |
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The Water-Soluble Vitamins | |
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Other Vitamin-Like Factors | |
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Minerals | |
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Characteristics of Minerals | |
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Macrominerals | |
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Microminerals (Trace Elements) | |
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Ultratrace Minerals | |
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Other Trace Elements | |
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Summary | |
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Water, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance | |
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Body Water | |
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Electrolytes | |
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Acid-Base Balance | |
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Acid-Base Disorders | |
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Summary | |
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Nutrition in the Life Cycle | |
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Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation | |
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Pregnancy | |
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Lactation | |
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Nutrition, Fertility, and Conception | |
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Summary | |
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Nutrition During Infancy | |
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Physiologic Development | |
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Nutrient Requirements | |
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Milk | |
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Food | |
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Feeding | |
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Summary | |
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Nutrition for Low-Birth-Weight Infants | |
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Physiologic Development | |
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Nutritional Requirements: Parenteral Feeding | |
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Transition From Parenteral to Enteral Feeding | |
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Nutritional Requirements: Enteral Feeding | |
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Feeding Methods | |
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Selection of Enteral Feeding | |
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Growth and Nutritional Assessments | |
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Discharge Care | |
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Neurodevelopmental Outcome | |
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Summary | |
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Nutrition in Childhood | |
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Growth and Development | |
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Nutrient Requirements | |
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Providing an Adequate Diet | |
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Nutritional Concerns | |
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Preventing Chronic Disease | |
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Summary | |
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Nutrition in Adolescence | |
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Growth and Development | |
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Nutrient Requirements | |
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Food Habits | |
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Special Situations | |
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Strategies for Improving Nutritional Well-Being | |
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Summary | |
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Nutrition in the Adult Years | |
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Eating and the Food Environment | |
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Defensive Nutrition Paradigm | |
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Gastrointestinal Integrity | |
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Detoxification Systems | |
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Guidelines for a Defensive Nutrition Paradigm | |
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Summary | |
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Nutrition in Aging | |
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The Older Population | |
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Theories of Aging | |
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Physiologic Changes | |
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Multidisciplinary Assessment | |
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Nutrition Screening | |
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Nutrition Needs | |
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Dietary Planning | |
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Nutrition Issues | |
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Supportive Services | |
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Nutrition Care | |
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Nutrition in the Community | |
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Nutrition Practice in the Community | |
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Needs Assessment for Community-Based Nutrition Services | |
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National Food and Nutrition Data Sources | |
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National Nutrition Guidelines and Goals | |
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Food Assistance and Nutrition Programs | |
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Food Safety: Laws, Regulations, and Issues | |
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Food Technology | |
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Agricultural Products and Concerns | |
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Other Concerns About Food and Water Safety | |
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Summary | |
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Guidelines for Dietary Planning | |
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Determining Nutrient Needs | |
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Nutritional Status of Americans | |
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National Guidelines for Diet Planning | |
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Food Labeling | |
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Cultural Aspects of Dietary Planning | |
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Summary | |
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Introduction to Nutritional Genomics | |
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The Human Genome Project | |
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Genetic Fundamentals | |
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Genetics and Nutrition Therapy | |
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Summary | |
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Dietary and Clinical Assessment | |
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Nutritional Imbalance | |
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Nutritional Screening | |
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Nutritional Assessment | |
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Nutrition-Focused Physical Examination | |
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Classifying Malnutrition | |
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Summary | |
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Laboratory Data in Nutrition Assessment | |
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Definition and Usefulness of Nutrition Laboratory Data | |
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Assessment of Protein-Energy Status | |
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Laboratory Data for Nutritional Anemias | |
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Markers of Malabsorption | |
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Wellness Assessment | |
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Nutritional Interpretation of Routine Medical Laboratory Data | |
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Summary | |
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Food-Drug Interactions | |
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Pharmacologic Aspects of Food-Drug Interactions | |
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Risk Factors for Food-Drug Interactions | |
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Effects of Food on Drug Therapy | |
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Effects of Drugs on Food and Nutrition | |
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Modification of Drug Action by Food and Nutrients | |
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Effects of Drugs on Nutritional Status | |
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Excipients and Food-Drug Interactions | |
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Medical Nutrition Therapy | |
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Summary | |
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Integrative Medicine and Phytotherapy | |
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Integrative Therapies | |
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Commonly Used Botanicals | |
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Guidelines for Working With Clients Who Use Botanicals | |
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Summary | |
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The Nutrition Care Process | |
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Nutrition Care Process and Medical Nutrition Therapy | |
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Nutritional Care Record | |
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Charting and Documentation | |
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Influences on Nutritional Care | |
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Nutritional Intervention and Diet Modification | |
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Nutritional Care for the Hospitalized Patient | |
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Nutritional Care of the Terminally Ill or Hospice Patient | |
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Discharge Planning and Home Care | |
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Summary | |
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Counseling for Change | |
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Counseling Techniques | |
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Stages of Change | |
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Activities That Facilitate Behavior Change | |
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Intervention Model | |
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Not-Ready-to-Change Counseling Sessions | |
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Ready-to-Change Counseling Sessions | |
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Resistance Behaviors and Potential Strategies to Modify Them | |
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Summary | |
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Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support | |
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Rationale and Criteria for Appropriate Nutrition Support | |
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Enteral Nutrition | |
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Parenteral Nutrition | |
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Transitional Feeding | |
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Pharmacologic Use of Nutrients | |
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Nutrition Support in Long-Term and Home Care | |
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Ethical Issues | |
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Interdisciplinary Nutrition Support Services | |
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Summary | |
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Nutrition for Health and Fitness | |
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Nutrition for Weight Management | |
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Body Weight Components | |
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Regulation of Body Weight | |
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Weight Management Throughout Life | |
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Weight Imbalance: Overweight and Obesity | |
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Management of Obesity in Adults | |
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Common Problems Encountered in Obesity Management | |
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Weight Management in Children | |
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Weight Imbalance: Excessive Leanness | |
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Nutrition in Eating Disorders | |
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Diagnostic Criteria | |
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Etiology | |
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Pathophysiology | |
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Nutritional Assessment | |
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Psychological Management | |
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Nutritional Care | |
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Nutrition Education | |
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Prognosis | |
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Summary | |
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Nutrition for Exercise and Sports Performance | |
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Energy Production | |
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Fuels for Contracting Muscles | |
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Nutritional Requirements of Exercise | |
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Weight Management | |
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Other Considerations | |
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Ergogenic Aids | |
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Summary | |
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Nutrition and Bone Health | |
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Bone Structure and Bone Physiology | |
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Bone Mass and Bone Density | |
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Nutrition and Bone | |
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Osteopenia and Osteoporosis | |
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Summary | |
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Nutrition for Oral and Dental Health | |
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Nutritional Factors in Tooth Development | |
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Dental Caries | |
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Fluoride | |
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Preventive Care | |
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Periodontal Disease | |
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Early Childhood Caries | |
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Tooth Loss and Dentures | |
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Oral Manifestations of Systemic Disease | |
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Polypharmacy | |
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Summary | |
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Medical Nutrition Therapy | |
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Medical Nutrition Therapy for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders | |
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Disorders of the Esophagus | |
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Disorders of the Stomach | |
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Summary | |
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Medical Nutrition Therapy for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders | |
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Common Intestinal Problems | |
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Diseases of the Small Intestine | |
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Intestinal Brush-Border Enzyme Deficiencies | |
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Inflammatory Bowel Diseases | |
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Disorders of the Large Intestine | |
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Intestinal Surgery | |
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Summary | |
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Medical Nutrition Therapy for Liver, Biliary System, and Exocrine Pancreas Disorders | |
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Physiology and Functions of the Liver | |
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Laboratory Assessment of Liver Function | |
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Diseases of the Liver | |
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Liver Resection and Transplantation | |
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Physiology and Functions of the Gallbladder | |
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Diseases of the Gallbladder | |
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Physiology and Functions of the Exocrine Pancreas | |
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Diseases of the Exocrine Pancreas | |
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Summary | |
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Medical Nutrition Therapy for Food Allergy and Food Intolerance | |
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Immunologic Basis | |
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Symptoms | |
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Risk Factors for the Development of Food Allergy | |
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Food Intolerances | |
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Diagnosis | |
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Treatment | |
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Natural History of Food Allergy | |
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Food Allergy in Infancy | |
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Diet and Prevention of Allergic Disease | |
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Summary | |
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Medical Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes Mellitus and Hypoglycemia of Nondiabetic Origin | |
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Pathophysiology | |
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Diagnostic and Screening Criteria | |
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Management of Diabetes Mellitus | |
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Diabetes and Age-Related Issues | |
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Implementing Nutrition Self-Management | |
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Acute Complications | |
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Long-Term Complications | |
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Preventing Diabetes | |
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Hypoglycemia of Nondiabetic Origin | |
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Summary | |
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Medical Nutrition Therapy for Anemia | |
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Iron-Related Blood Disorders | |
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Megaloblastic Anemias | |
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Other Nutritional Anemias | |
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Nonnutritional Anemias | |
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Summary | |
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Medical Nutrition Therapy in Cardiovascular Disease | |
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Prevalence and Incidence | |
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Mortality | |
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Pathophysiology and Etiology | |
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Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease | |
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Lipoprotein Assessment | |
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Genetic Hyperlipidemias: Classification and Diagnosis | |
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Dietary Factors | |
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Treatment | |
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Summary | |
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Medical Nutrition Therapy in Hypertension | |
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Definition and Classification | |
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Prevalence and Incidence | |
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Morbidity and Mortality | |
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Pathophysiology | |
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Primary Prevention | |
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Medical Management | |
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Summary | |
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Medical Nutrition Therapy for Heart Failure and Transplant | |
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Heart Failure | |
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Cardiac Transplantation | |
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Summary | |
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Medical Nutrition Therapy for Pulmonary Disease | |
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Relationships Between Nutrition and the Pulmonary System | |
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Overview of Medical Nutrition Therapy in Pulmonary Disease | |
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Aspiration | |
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Asthma | |
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Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia | |
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | |
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Cystic Fibrosis | |
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Lung Cancer | |
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Pneumonia | |
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Respiratory Failure | |
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Tuberculosis | |
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Summary | |
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Medical Nutrition Therapy for Renal Disorders | |
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Physiology and Function of the Kidneys | |
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Renal Disease | |
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Glomerular Diseases | |
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Diseases of the Tubules and Interstitium | |
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Progressive Nature of Renal Disease | |
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End-Stage Renal Disease | |
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Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones) | |
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Summary | |
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Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cancer Prevention, Treatment, and Recovery | |
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Diagnosis and Medical Treatment | |
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Nutrition in the Etiology of Cancer | |
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Nutritional Implications of Cancer | |
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Nutritional Implications of Cancer Therapy | |
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Nutritional Care of Adults Diagnosed With Cancer | |
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Nutritional Care of Children Diagnosed With Cancer | |
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Complementary and Alternative Therapies | |
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Summary | |
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Medical Nutrition Therapy for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Disease | |
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Pathophysiology, Etiology, and Classification | |
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Epidemiology and Trends | |
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Manifestations and Stages of HIV Infection | |
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Opportunistic Infections and Other Complications | |
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Medical Management | |
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Women and HIV | |
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Pediatric Considerations | |
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Relationship Between Malnutrition and AIDS | |
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Medical Nutrition Therapy | |
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Complications With a Nutrition Impact | |
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Complementary and Alternative Therapies | |
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Summary | |
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Medical Nutrition Therapy for Metabolic Stress: Sepsis, Trauma, Burns, and Surgery | |
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Metabolic Response to Stress | |
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Starvation Versus Stress | |
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Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome | |
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Head Injury | |
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Major Burns | |
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Surgery | |
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Summary | |
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Medical Nutrition Therapy for Neurologic Disorders | |
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Neurologic Disease Classification | |
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Nervous System Wiring and Lesions | |
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Medical Nutrition Therapy | |
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Problems With Procurement of Food | |
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Neurologic Diseases Arising From Nutritional Deficiencies or Excesses | |
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Neurologic Diseases With Nonnutrition Etiologies | |
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Summary | |
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Medical Nutrition Therapy for Rheumatic Disorders | |
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Etiology | |
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Pathophysiology of Inflammation in Rheumatic Diseases | |
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Drugs Commonly Used to Reduce Inflammation | |
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Osteoarthritis | |
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Rheumatoid Arthritis | |
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Sjogren's Syndrome | |
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Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome | |
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Gout | |
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Scleroderma | |
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | |
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Chronic Fatigue Disorder Syndrome and Fibromyalgia | |
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Controversies and Unproven Remedies for Rheumatic Disorders | |
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Summary | |
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Medical Nutrition Therapy for Metabolic Disorders | |
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Newborn Screening | |
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Goals of Medical Nutrition Therapy | |
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Disorders of Amino Acid Metabolism | |
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Disorders of Organic Acid Metabolism | |
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Disorders of Urea Cycle Metabolism | |
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Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism | |
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Glycogen Storage Diseases | |
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Disorders of Fatty Acid Oxidation | |
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Other Disorders | |
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Role of Nutritionist in Medical Nutrition Therapy for Metabolic Disorders | |
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Summary | |
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Appendixes | |
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General Abbreviations | |
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Unit Abbreviations | |
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Potential ICD-9-CM Codes for Nutrition Services | |
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Milliequivalents and Milligrams of Electrolytes | |
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Approximate Conversions to and From Metric Measures | |
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Nutritional Physical Assessment | |
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Birth to 36 Months: Boys Length-for-Age and Weight-for-Age Percentiles | |
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Birth to 36 Months: Boys Head Circumference-for-Age and Weight-for-Length Percentiles | |
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2 to 20 Years: Boys Stature-for-Age and Weight-for-Age Percentiles | |
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Birth to 36 Months: Girls Length-for-Age and Weight-for-Age Percentiles | |
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Birth to 36 Months: Girls Head Circumference-for-Age and Weight-for-Length Percentiles | |
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2 to 20 Years: Girls Stature-for-Age and Weight-for-Age Percentiles | |
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Tanner Stages of Adolescent Development for Females | |
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Tanner Stages of Adolescent Development for Males | |
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Direct Methods for Measuring Height and Weight | |
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Indirect Methods for Measuring Height | |
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Determination of Frame Size | |
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Body Mass Index (BMI) Table | |
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Body Mass Index-for-Age Percentiles: Boys, 2 to 20 Years | |
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Body Mass Index-for-Age Percentiles: Girls, 2 to 20 Years | |
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Body Mass Index, Mid-Upper Arm Circumference, Triceps Skinfold Thickness, and Arm Muscle Circumference for Men 50 Years of Age and Older Examined in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) | |
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Body Mass Index, Mid-Upper Arm Circumference, Triceps Skinfold Thickness, and Arm Muscle Circumference for Women 50 Years of Age and Older Examined in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) | |
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Arm Anthropometry for Children | |
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Arm Anthropometry for Adults | |
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Means, Standard Deviations, and Percentiles of Weight (kg) by Height (cm) for Males of 2 to 74 Years | |
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Means, Standard Deviations, and Percentiles of Weight (kg) by Height (cm) for Females of 2 to 74 Years | |
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Means, Standard Deviations, and Percentiles of Weight (kg) by Age for Adult Males of Small, Medium, and Large Frames | |
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Means, Standard Deviations, and Percentiles of Weight (kg) by Age for Adult Females of Small, Medium, and Large Frames | |
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Means, Standard Deviations, and Percentiles of Triceps Skinfold Thickness (mm) by Age for Males and Females of 1 to 50 Years | |
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Means, Standard Deviations, and Percentiles of Upper Arm Muscle Area (cm[superscript 2]) by Height (cm) for Boys and Girls of 2 to 17 Years | |
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Means, Standard Deviations, and Percentiles of Upper Arm Muscle Area (cm[superscript 2]) by Age for Adult Males of Small, Medium, and Large Frames | |
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Means, Standard Deviations, and Percentiles of Upper Arm Muscle Area (cm[superscript 2]) by Age for Adult Females of Small, Medium, and Large Frames | |
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Means, Standard Deviations, and Percentiles of Upper Arm Fat Area (cm[superscript 2]) by Age for Males and Females of 1 to 74 Years | |
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Nutrition-Focused Physical Assessment | |
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Laboratory Tests, Drugs, and Dietary Supplements | |
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A Guide to the Use of Laboratory Data in Nutritional Assessment and Monitoring | |
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Nutritional Implications of Selected Drugs | |
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Counseling Patients on Dietary Supplements | |
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Enteral Formulas | |
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Milk-Based Formulas or Products Designed to Be Mixed With Milk | |
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Whole-Protein, Lactose-Free Formulas With 0.5 kcal/ml | |
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Whole-Protein, Lactose-Free Formulas With 1 to 1.2 kcal/ml | |
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Whole-Protein, Lactose-Free Formulas With 1.5 and 2.0 kcal/ml | |
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Specially Designed Formulas: Clear Liquid, Fat Malabsorption, Glucose Intolerance, Hepatic, Immune-Support, Metabolic Stress, Pulmonary, Renal | |
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Defined Formulas | |
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Pediatric Specialized Formulas | |
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Modular Components for Enteral Feedings | |
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Nutrient Tables | |
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Fiber Content of Selected Foods | |
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Caffeine Content of Foods | |
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Nutritive Values for Alcoholic Beverages and Mixes | |
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Oxalate Content of Foods | |
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Bioavailability of Oxalate | |
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Omega-6 and Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Selected Foods | |
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Carotenoid Content of Fruits and Vegetables | |
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Vitamin D Content of Foods | |
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Vitamin E Content of Foods as [alpha]-Tocopherol (mg) | |
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Vitamin K Content of Foods | |
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Selenium Content of Foods | |
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Menu Planning Lists | |
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Caloric Expenditure Worksheet for Various Exercise Activities Based on Body Weight | |
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Exchange Lists for Meal Planning | |
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Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load of Selected Foods | |
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National Dysphagia Diets | |
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Miscellaneous | |
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The Nutrition Care Process | |
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Percentage of Body Fat Based on Four Skinfold Measurements | |