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| Preface | |
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| Note on Citations | |
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| The Constitutional Framework | |
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| The British Models | |
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| Opposing Monarchical Powers | |
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| Associated War Powers | |
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| Repelling Sudden Attacks | |
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| Separating Purse and Sword | |
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| Commander in Chief | |
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| Scholarly Analysis | |
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| Precedents from 1789 to 1900 | |
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| Indian Wars | |
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| President as | |
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| The Whiskey Rebellion | |
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| Quasi-War with France | |
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| Neutrality Act Prosecutions | |
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| The | |
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| Barbary Wars | |
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| The War of 1812 | |
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| The Mexican War | |
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| Bombarding Greytown | |
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| The Civil War | |
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| Spanish-American War | |
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| America Steps Out 1900-1945 | |
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| Protecting Life and Property | |
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| President Wilson's Forays | |
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| Intervention in Nicaragua | |
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| World War I | |
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| The Curtiss-Wright Case | |
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| Legislative Constraints in the 1930s | |
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| World War II | |
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| The UN Charter and Korea | |
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| The League of Nations | |
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| Creating the UN Charter | |
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| The UN Participation Act | |
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| Vandenberg Resolution | |
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| The Korean War | |
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| Political Repercussions | |
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| Taking Stock: 1951-1964 | |
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| Mutual Security Treaties | |
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| NATO's Legislative History | |
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| The | |
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| The Steel Seizure Case | |
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| Eisenhower's Philosophy | |
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| Area Resolutions | |
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| Kennedy Reasserts Executive Power | |
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| Vietnam and the War Powers Resolution | |
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| Gulf of Tonkin Resolution | |
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| Was There a Second Attack? | |
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| Escalation of the War | |
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| Free World Forces | |
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| National Commitments Resolution of 1969 | |
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| Disputes in the Courts | |
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| The War Powers Resolution | |
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| Analyzing the WPR | |
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| Efforts to Amend the WPR | |
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| Military Initiatives from Ford to Bush I | |
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| Evacuations from Southeast Asia | |
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| The Mayaguez Capture | |
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| Desert One Rescue Effort | |
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| Lebanon | |
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| Invasion of Grenada | |
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| Air Strikes against Libya | |
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| Escort Operations in the Persian Gulf | |
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| Panama | |
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| The Gulf War | |
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| Military Actions by Clinton | |
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| Launching Missiles against Baghdad | |
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| Combat Operations in Somalia | |
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| Troops to Haiti | |
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| Air Strikes in Bosnia | |
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| Ground Troops to Bosnia | |
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| Continued Strikes against Iraq | |
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| Afghanistan and Sudan | |
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| War against Yugoslavia | |
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| George W. Bush | |
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| The Preemption Doctrine | |
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| Military Tribunals | |
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| Military Action in Afghanistan | |
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| War against Iraq | |
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| Making the Case for War | |
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| Enlisting Legislative Support | |
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| Unsubstantiated Executive Claims | |
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| Voting on the Iraq Resolution | |
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| Military Operations in Iraq | |
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| Doctoring Intelligence Reports | |
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| Barack Obama | |
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| Closing Guantanamo | |
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| Withdrawing U.S. Troops from Iraq | |
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| Options in Afghanistan | |
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| Military Intervention in Libya | |
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| Invoking the State Secrets Privilege | |
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| Electronic Surveillance | |
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| Military Detention without Trial | |
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| Targeted Killings | |
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| Covert Operations | |
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| Seeds of Secrecy | |
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| Early Departures from Openness | |
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| The Intelligence Community | |
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| Statutory Controls on the CIA | |
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| Covert Action in the Open | |
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| The Iran-Contra Affair | |
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| Congressional Reforms | |
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| Actions against Terrorism | |
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| Restoring Checks and Balances | |
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| Contemporary Justifications | |
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| Jackson's Zone of Twilight | |
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| Revisiting War Powers | |
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| Consultation | |
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| A Forbidden Legislative Veto? | |
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| Compelling Court Action | |
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| Statutory Restrictions | |
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| Thinking National Interest | |
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| Appendices | |
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| Framers' Debate on the War Power | |
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| Constitutional Allocation of Foreign Affairs and the War Power | |
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| UN Participation Act of 1945 | |
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| 1949 Amendments to UN Participation Act | |
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| War Powers Resolution of 1973 | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Index of Cases | |
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| Subject Index | |