Preface | p. xvii |
Author's Note | p. xix |
Prologue | p. 1 |
The Making of a World (Seventh-Tenth Century) | |
A New Power in an Old World | p. 7 |
The world into which the Arabs came | p. 7 |
The language of poetry | p. 12 |
Muhammad and the appearance of Islam | p. 14 |
The Formation of an Empire | p. 22 |
The succession to Muhammad: the conquest of an empire | p. 22 |
The caliphate of Damascus | p. 25 |
The caliphate of Baghdad | p. 32 |
The Formation of a Society | p. 38 |
The end of political unity | p. 38 |
A unified society: the economic bases | p. 43 |
Unity of faith and language | p. 46 |
The Islamic world | p. 54 |
The Articulation of Islam | p. 59 |
The questions of authority | p. 59 |
The power and justice of God | p. 62 |
The shari'a | p. 65 |
The Traditions of the Prophet | p. 69 |
The path of the mystic | p. 72 |
The path of reason | p. 75 |
Arab Muslim Societies (Eleventh-Fifteenth Century) | |
The Arab Muslim World | p. 83 |
States and dynasties | p. 83 |
Arabs, Persians and Turks | p. 87 |
Geographical divisions | p. 89 |
Muslim Arabs and others | p. 96 |
The Countryside | p. 98 |
Land and its use | p. 98 |
Tribal societies | p. 104 |
The Life of Cities | p. 109 |
Markets and cities | p. 109 |
The city population | p. 111 |
Law and the 'ulama | p. 113 |
Slaves | p. 116 |
Muslims and non-Muslims in the city | p. 117 |
Women in the city | p. 119 |
The shape of the city | p. 122 |
Houses in the city | p. 125 |
The chain of cities | p. 128 |
Cities and Their Rulers | p. 130 |
The formation of dynasties | p. 130 |
The alliance of interests | p. 133 |
Control of the countryside | p. 137 |
Ideas of political authority | p. 141 |
Ways of Islam | p. 147 |
The Pillars of Islam | p. 147 |
The friends of God | p. 152 |
The Culture of the 'Ulama | p. 158 |
The 'ulama and the shari'a | p. 158 |
The transmission of learning | p. 163 |
Kalam | p. 166 |
Al-Ghazali | p. 167 |
Divergent Paths of Thought | p. 172 |
Islam of the philosophers | p. 172 |
Ibn 'Arabi and theosophy | p. 176 |
Ibn Taymiyya and the Hanbali tradition | p. 179 |
The development of Shi'ism | p. 181 |
Jewish and Christian learning | p. 186 |
The Culture of Courts and People | p. 189 |
Rulers and patrons | p. 189 |
Poetry and story | p. 193 |
Music | p. 197 |
Understanding the world | p. 199 |
The Ottoman Age (Sixteenth-Eighteenth Century) | |
The Ottoman Empire | p. 209 |
The limits of political power | p. 209 |
Ottoman government | p. 214 |
The Ottomans and Islamic tradition | p. 220 |
Government in the Arab provinces | p. 225 |
Ottoman Societies | p. 231 |
Population and wealth in the empire | p. 231 |
The Arab provinces | p. 234 |
The culture of the Arab provinces | p. 238 |
Beyond the empire: Arabia, the Sudan, Morocco | p. 243 |
The Changing Balance of Power in the Eighteenth Century | p. 249 |
Central and local authorities | p. 249 |
Arab Ottoman society and culture | p. 253 |
The world of Islam | p. 256 |
Changing relations with Europe | p. 258 |
The Age of European Empires (1800-1939) | |
European Power and Reforming Governments (1800-1860) | p. 265 |
The expansion of Europe | p. 265 |
The beginnings of European empire | p. 268 |
Reforming governments | p. 271 |
European Empires and Dominant Elites (1860-1914) | p. 279 |
The limits of independence | p. 279 |
The partition of Africa: Egypt and the Maghrib | p. 282 |
The alliance of dominant interests | p. 285 |
Control of the land | p. 287 |
The condition of the people | p. 292 |
The dual society | p. 295 |
The Culture of Imperialism and Reform | p. 299 |
The culture of imperialism | p. 299 |
The rise of the intelligentsia | p. 302 |
The culture of reform | p. 304 |
The emergence of nationalism | p. 308 |
The continuity of Islamic tradition | p. 311 |
The Climax of European Power (1914-1939) | p. 315 |
The supremacy of Great Britain and France | p. 315 |
The primacy of British and French interests | p. 320 |
Immigrants and the land | p. 322 |
The growth of the indigenous elite | p. 324 |
Attempts at political agreement | p. 328 |
Changing Ways of Life and Thought (1914-1939) | p. 333 |
Population and the countryside | p. 333 |
Life in the new cities | p. 336 |
The culture of nationalism | p. 340 |
Islam of the elite and the masses | p. 345 |
The Age of Nation-States (Since 1939) | |
The End of the Empires (1939-1962) | p. 353 |
The Second World War | p. 353 |
National independence (1945-1956) | p. 356 |
The Suez crisis | p. 365 |
The Algerian war | p. 369 |
Changing Societies (1940s and 1950s) | p. 373 |
Population and economic growth | p. 373 |
The profits of growth: merchants and landowners | p. 379 |
The power of the state | p. 381 |
Rich and poor in the city | p. 384 |
National Culture (1940s and 1950s) | p. 389 |
Problems of education | p. 389 |
Language and self-expression | p. 392 |
Islamic movements | p. 397 |
The Climax of Arabism (1950s and 1960s) | p. 401 |
Popular nationalism | p. 401 |
The ascendancy of Nasirism | p. 407 |
The crisis of 1967 | p. 411 |
Arab Unity and Disunity (since 1967) | p. 416 |
The crisis of 1973 | p. 416 |
The predominance of American influence | p. 419 |
The interdependence of Arab countries | p. 423 |
Arab disunity | p. 426 |
A Disturbance of Spirits (since 1967) | p. 434 |
Ethnic and religious divisions | p. 434 |
Rich and poor | p. 436 |
Women in society | p. 439 |
A heritage and its renewal | p. 442 |
The stability of regimes | p. 447 |
The fragility of regimes | p. 453 |
Afterword 2002 | p. 459 |
Maps | p. 473 |
Genealogies and Dynasties | p. 497 |
The Family of the Prophet | p. 499 |
The Shi'i Imams | p. 500 |
The Caliphs | p. 501 |
Important Dynasties | p. 503 |
Ruling Families in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Century | p. 505 |
Notes | p. 508 |
Bibliography | p. 514 |
Index of Terms | p. 544 |
General Index | p. 547 |
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