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| Moving from Subject to Topic: Where Research Begins | |
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| Choose a general subject | |
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| Narrow your general subject to a specific topic | |
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| Work with assigned subjects, when appropriate | |
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| Planning Thesis Statements and Stated Objectives | |
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| Write a working thesis statement, when appropriate | |
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| State your objectives, when appropriate | |
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| Defining Research Goals and Evaluating Sources | |
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| Acknowledge the goals of your research | |
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| Consider the kinds of sources you need | |
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| Consider the currentness of your sources | |
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| Consider the availability of your sources | |
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| Learning about Your Library | |
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| Locate the circulation area | |
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| Explore the reference area | |
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| Familiarize yourself with the catalog area | |
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| Explore the stacks | |
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| Familiarize yourself with the current periodicals area | |
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| Locate the government documents area | |
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| Explore the microform area | |
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| Find the media area | |
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| Browse in the new-book area | |
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| Find the preshelving areas | |
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| Locate the library's computer clusters | |
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| Search out the special collections | |
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| Locate any special libraries | |
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| Find the interlibrary loan department | |
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| Locate the reserve area | |
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| Find the photocopy areas | |
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| Locate the group study rooms | |
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| Learning to Use Online Catalogs and Periodical Databases | |
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| Remember what all online catalogs have in common | |
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| Learn to locate and interpret information on search screens | |
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| Consider the benefits of online periodical databases | |
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| Consider what all comprehensive periodical databases have in common | |
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| Learn to locate and interpret information on search screens | |
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| Conducting Field Research and Using Audiovisual Sources | |
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| Consider experts from radio and television | |
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| Consider local experts | |
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| Consider responses from informed nonspecialists | |
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| Prepare thoroughly for interviews | |
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| Plan questionnaires and surveys carefully | |
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| Consider audiovisual sources | |
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| Using the Internet and Other Electronic Sources | |
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| Explore a variety of Internet search engines | |
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| Learn to interpret Internet search results | |
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| Consider the kinds of Internet sources available | |
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| Learn how to find information on home pages | |
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| Use Web sites judiciously | |
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| Consider discussion (or interest) groups | |
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| Consider CD-ROM sources | |
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| Be aware of special concerns about using electronic sources | |
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| Evaluating Sources and Writing a Research Proposal | |
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| Compile a preliminary list of sources | |
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| Evaluate print sources | |
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| Evaluate audiovisual sources | |
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| Evaluate Internet sources | |
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| Evaluate your combinations of sources | |
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| Prepare a research proposal | |
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| Thinking Critically | |
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| Think critically, analyzing alternative methods of development | |
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| Analyze your audience | |
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| Evaluate evidence | |
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| Avoid logical fallacies | |
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| aking Notes from Sources | |
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| Consider alternative techniques for taking notes | |
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| Take complete, consistent, accurate notes | |
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| Take different kinds of notes, depending on the material | |
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| Consider the issues of common knowledge | |
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| Recognize the seriousness of plagiarism | |
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| Planning the Paper | |
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| Review your research | |
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| Revise the working thesis statement or objective | |
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| Develop an informal outline | |
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| Group your notes to follow your outline | |
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| Prepare a formal outline, when needed | |
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| Writing the Draft of the Paper | |
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| Remember general strategies for drafting papers | |
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| Consider strategies that apply principally to drafting research papers | |
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| Incorporate notes in the paper | |
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| Use parenthetical notes to document research | |
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| Plan your title and your introductory and concluding paragraphs | |
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| Revising the Paper | |
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| Reconsider content | |
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| Rework style | |
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| Eliminate technical errors | |
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| Solicit responses from other readers | |
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| Using MLA Style When Appropriate | |
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| Prepare complete citations for the works-cited page | |
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| Follow the appropriate citation forms for books and other separately published material | |
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| Follow the appropriate citation forms for periodicals | |
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| Follow the appropriate citation forms for audiovisual sources | |
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| Follow the appropriate citation forms for the Internet and other electronic sources | |
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| When appropriate, follow MLA guidelines to prepare your manuscript | |
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| Using APA Style When Appropriate | |
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| Recognize the distinct documentation patterns of APA style | |
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| Consider patterns for in-text citations | |
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| Prepare complete entries for the reference list | |
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| Follow the appropriate reference-list entry forms for periodicals | |
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| Follow the appropriate reference-list entry forms for books and other separately published materials | |
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| Follow the appropriate reference-list entry forms for audiovisual sources | |
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| Follow the appropriate reference-list entry forms for electronic sources | |
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| When appropriate, follow APA guidelines to prepare your manuscript | |
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| Using Chicago Style When Appropriate | |
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| Recognize the distinct documentation patterns in Chicago style | |
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| Consider patterns for footnotes and endnotes | |
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| Follow the appropriate note forms for books and other separately published materials | |
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| Follow the appropriate note forms for periodicals | |
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| Follow the appropriate note forms for audiovisual sources | |
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| Follow the appropriate note forms for electronic sources | |
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| When required, prepare a bibliography | |
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| When appropriate, follow Chicago guidelines to prepare your manuscript | |
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| Using CBE Style When Appropriate | |
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| Recognize the distinct documentation patterns of CBE style | |
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| Consider patterns for in-text documentation | |
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| Complete citations for the reference page | |
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| Follow the appropriate citation forms for books and other separately published materials | |
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| Follow the appropriate citation forms for periodicals and audiovisual sources | |
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| When appropriate, follow CBE guidelines to prepare your manuscript | |
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| Document Design and Manuscript Preparation Basic Printing Features Visual Elements MLA Manuscript Guidelines | |
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| Abbreviations and Shortened Forms of Publishers Names Modern Language Association (MLA) University of Chicago (Chicago) Council of Biology Editors (CBE) | |
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| Glossary of Computer Terms | |