| |
| |
| Foreword | |
| |
| |
| |
| To Unveil Sacrifice | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Many Meanings of Sacrifice | |
| |
| |
| |
| Secular meaning | |
| |
| |
| |
| General religious meaning | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sacrifice in the Hebrew scriptures | |
| |
| |
| |
| General Christian meaning | |
| |
| |
| |
| Specifically Catholic understanding | |
| |
| |
| |
| Authentic Christian sacrifice | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Trinitarian View of Sacrifice | |
| |
| |
| |
| The self-offering of the Father | |
| |
| |
| |
| The self-offering 'response' of the Son | |
| |
| |
| |
| The self-offering of believers | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Sacrifice of the Mass | |
| |
| |
| |
| Who is doing what? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Who is saying what? | |
| |
| |
| |
| What is taking place? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Origins and Early Development of the Idea of Christian Sacrifice | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sacrifice in the Ancient World and in the Hebrew Scriptures | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sacrifice in the Ancient World | |
| |
| |
| |
| General Theory of Sacrifice | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sacrifice in the Hebrew Scriptures | |
| |
| |
| |
| The problem and the method | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Sources of the Pentateuch and Source Criticism of the Hebrew Bible | |
| |
| |
| |
| The burnt offering and the divine acceptance of sacrifice | |
| |
| |
| |
| The divine acceptance of sacrifice | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Prophetic Critique of Sacrifice | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sin offering and atonement | |
| |
| |
| |
| The process of atonement | |
| |
| |
| |
| The sin offering | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sacrificial blood | |
| |
| |
| |
| Leviticus 17.11 and the significance of sacrificial blood | |
| |
| |
| |
| Passover | |
| |
| |
| |
| Vicarious suffering and death | |
| |
| |
| |
| Martyrdom | |
| |
| |
| |
| From the Old Testament to the New | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Septuagint | |
| |
| |
| |
| Covenant sacrifice | |
| |
| |
| |
| The passover | |
| |
| |
| |
| The blood of circumcision | |
| |
| |
| |
| Qumran: The community as temple | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Akedah (sacrifice of Isaac) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Clear references to the Akedah in the New Testament | |
| |
| |
| |
| Probable references to the Akedah in the New Testament | |
| |
| |
| |
| Possible references to the Akedah in the New Testament | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Akedah: A full expression of Jewish sacrificial soteriology | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sacrifice in the New Testament | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Synoptic Gospels | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Acts of the Apostles | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Pauline Theology of Sacrifice | |
| |
| |
| |
| The sacrifice of Christ | |
| |
| |
| |
| Christians as the new temple | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sacrifice of (i.e. by) the Christians | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Temple as Community in Qumran and the New Testament | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Epistle to the Hebrews | |
| |
| |
| |
| The sacrifice of Christ the high priest | |
| |
| |
| |
| The sacrifice of/by the Christian | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Gospel and First Letter of John | |
| |
| |
| |
| Temple themes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sacrificial self-giving | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sin offering and atonement themes | |
| |
| |
| |
| The History-of-Religions Context of 'Worship in Spirit and in Truth' | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Book of Revelation | |
| |
| |
| |
| The throne of God | |
| |
| |
| |
| The lamb | |
| |
| |
| |
| The incense offering | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary of New Testament Teaching on Christian Sacrifice | |
| |
| |
| |
| Spiritualization and Institutionalization | |
| |
| |
| |
| Spiritualization in the early Church | |
| |
| |
| |
| Institutionalization in the early Church | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sacrifice in the Fathers of the Church | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Early Writings | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Apologists: Justin and Athenagoras | |
| |
| |
| |
| Irenaeus of Lyons | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hippolytus of Rome | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Early Treatises on the Passover | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Second-Century Acts of the Martyrs | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Alexandrian Tradition I: The Antecedents: Philo and Barnabas | |
| |
| |
| |
| Philo of Alexandria | |
| |
| |
| |
| Epistle of Barnabas | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Alexandrian Tradition II: Christianity Coming of Age: Clement and Origen | |
| |
| |
| |
| Clement of Alexandria | |
| |
| |
| |
| Origen: Christian life as sacrifice | |
| |
| |
| |
| Augustine of Hippo | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sacrifice of Christ | |
| |
| |
| |
| Temple themes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sacrifice by Christians | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Atonement and Sacrifice: The Distorting Veils | |
| |
| |
| |
| Paul and Problems with Sacrificial Atonement | |
| |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Incarnation and atonement theories | |
| |
| |
| |
| Metaphor and doctrine | |
| |
| |
| |
| Trinitarian Theology | |
| |
| |
| |
| Divine violence | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sacrifice and cult | |
| |
| |
| |
| Legal and judicial thinking | |
| |
| |
| |
| Provisional conclusions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Anselm, Abelard, Aquinas, and Julian of Norwich | |
| |
| |
| |
| Anselm of Canterbury (ca. 1033-1109) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Peter Abelard (1079-1142/3) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thomas Aquinas (ca. 1225-74) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Julian of Norwich (ca. 1342-after 1416) | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Sacrifice of the Mass | |
| |
| |
| |
| ICEL's EP I translation/adaptation of the Canon Missae | |
| |
| |
| |
| The third anaphora of St. Peter (Sharar) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Commentary on Sharar | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sharar and the Maronite Rite | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusion of commentary on Sharar | |
| |
| |
| |
| The prayers of Sarapion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Provisional summary conclusions, with schematic table | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sacrifice and the Reformation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Background medieval problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sacrifice and atonement | |
| |
| |
| |
| Loss of contact with the Bible | |
| |
| |
| |
| Loss of contact with the tradition | |
| |
| |
| |
| Lack of a sense of the 'Shape of the Liturgy' | |
| |
| |
| |
| The private Mass | |
| |
| |
| |
| Emphasizing the Christological to the detriment of the ecclesiological | |
| |
| |
| |
| The limitations of a schoolbook theology | |
| |
| |
| |
| Catholic abuses | |
| |
| |
| |
| The reaction of the Reformers | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Catholic reaction against the Protestant reaction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Eucharistic sacrifice and the 'destruction of a victim' | |
| |
| |
| |
| Modern average Catholic theology of the Eucharist | |
| |
| |
| |
| The sixteenth-century antecedents | |
| |
| |
| Theory I | |
| |
| |
| Theory II | |
| |
| |
| Theory III | |
| |
| |
| Theory IV | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bellarmine and the 'modern average Catholic theology of the Eucharist' | |
| |
| |
| |
| From the Aftermath of the Reformation to the Present | |
| |
| |
| |
| Post-Reformation and Modernity: Two Contrasting Poles | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sacrifice among the Writers of Late (Post-Enlightenment) Modernity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sacrifice in secular modernity | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Christian scene | |
| |
| |
| |
| Distorting mirrors | |
| |
| |
| |
| Comment on the distortions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Moment-of-Consecration Theology | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mass-Stipend Theology: Theology in Transition | |
| |
| |
| |
| Liturgical Renewal and Ecumenism | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Monasteries | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mystery Theology | |
| |
| |
| |
| Odo Casel and mystery theology | |
| |
| |
| |
| Liturgical Conferences, Institutes, Academies, and Societies | |
| |
| |
| |
| A High Point of Restorationism: The New Worship Books | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy of Vatican II | |
| |
| |
| |
| Liturgical Work in an Ecumenical Context | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sacrifice and Girardian Mimetic Theory: The End of Sacrifice? | |
| |
| |
| |
| General Introduction to Girardian Mimetic Theory | |
| |
| |
| |
| Grand Narratives in a Postmodern Age | |
| |
| |
| |
| Desire | |
| |
| |
| |
| Original Sin as Disordered Desire | |
| |
| |
| |
| Original Sin: A Scientific View | |
| |
| |
| |
| Rene Girard as Christian Theorist | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Phenomenology of Redemption: Imitate the Desire of Jesus | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Post-Scientific Epilogue | |
| |
| |
| |
| Unveiling Sacrifice: A Journey of Discovery | |
| |
| |
| |
| Beginnings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Early Work on Christian Sacrifice | |
| |
| |
| |
| Christian Sacrifice: Liturgical and Phenomenological | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Trinitarian Insight | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Final Turning | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Journey Ahead | |
| |
| |
| Biblical Index | |
| |
| |
| Subject Index | |
| |
| |
| Index of Names | |