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| Listing of Figures and Tables | |
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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Preliminary Issues | |
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| Traits of Successful Therapists and Counselors | |
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| Issues in Choosing a Career in Mental Health | |
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| Disciplines, Degrees, and Related Credentials Relevant to a Career in Mental Health | |
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| Motivations Underlying the Choice of a Career in Mental Health | |
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| Skill Development Recommendations | |
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| Personal Traits Relevant to the Practice of Psychotherapy and Counseling | |
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| Facilitating Traits of Mental-Health-Care Providers | |
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| Hindering Traits of Mental-Health-Care Providers | |
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| Countertransference Issues | |
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| Skill Development Recommendations | |
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| The Next Step: Necessary Skills for Mental-Health Practice | |
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| Self-Awareness Skills | |
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| Values Clarification | |
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| Mandatory Versus Aspirational Ethics | |
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| Individual Self-Awareness | |
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| Common Therapy and Counseling Topics That Involve Values | |
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| Interpersonal Self-Awareness | |
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| Skill Development Recommendations | |
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| Cultural Competence and Sensitivity | |
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| Cultural Awareness | |
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| Cultural Knowledge | |
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| Cultural Skills | |
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| Skill Development Recommendations | |
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| Self-Care Skills | |
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| Self-Exploration and Awareness | |
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| Personal Therapy or Counseling | |
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| Inner Work | |
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| Meditation | |
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| Skill Development Recommendations | |
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| Relaxation and Centeredness | |
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| Breathing Exercises | |
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| Mindfulness Practice | |
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| Relaxation Exercises | |
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| Guided Imagery | |
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| Skill Development Recommendations | |
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| Healthy Personal Habits | |
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| Nutrition | |
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| Physical Activity | |
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| Rest | |
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| Physical Self-Awareness | |
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| Involvement with Nature | |
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| Skill Development Recommendations | |
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| Attention to Relationships | |
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| Skill Development Recommendations | |
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| Recreational Activities | |
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| Skill Development Recommendations | |
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| Skills to Facilitate Communication in Psychotherapy and Counseling | |
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| Attending Skills: Nonverbal Communication and Listening | |
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| Nonverbal Communication | |
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| Interaction of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication | |
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| Components of Nonverbal Communication | |
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| Helpful Hints for Nonverbal Communication | |
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| Skill Development Recommendations | |
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| Listening Skills | |
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| Roadblocks to Listening | |
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| Essential Skills for Good Listening | |
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| Skill Development Recommendations | |
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| Questions to Encourage Communication | |
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| General Guidelines About Questions | |
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| Pitfalls in the Use of Questions | |
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| Examples of Clinicians' Reasons for Controlling or Intrusive Questions | |
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| Additional Thoughts About the Use of Questions | |
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| Open-Ended Questions | |
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| Sample Transcript of Open-Ended Questions | |
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| Skill Development Recommendations | |
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| Systematic Inquiry | |
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| Sample Transcript of a Systematic Inquiry | |
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| Skill Development Recommendations | |
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| Response Types: Verbal Communication and Client Disclosure | |
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| Encouraging Phrases | |
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| Sample Transcripts for Encouragers | |
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| Skill Development Recommendations | |
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| Restatements and Paraphrases | |
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| Sample Transcripts for Restatements and Paraphrases | |
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| Skill Development Recommendations | |
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| Reflections | |
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| Sample Transcripts of Reflections | |
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| Skill Development Recommendations | |
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| Interfacing Response Types | |
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| Guidelines for When Best to Use Which Response Type | |
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| Sample Transcripts for Interfacing All Response Types | |
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| Summarization | |
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| Sample Transcripts of Summarization | |
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| A Few Final Comments | |
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| Skill Development Recommendations | |
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| Moving Beyond Simple Communication: The Process of Empathy | |
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| Empathy--Preliminary Issues | |
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| Prerequisite Traits and Skills for Optimal Empathic Skillfulness | |
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| Empathic Skillfulness as a Cyclical Process | |
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| The Phases of the Cycle of Empathic Skillfulness | |
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| Sample Transcript of a Cycle of Empathic Skillfulness | |
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| The Additive Nature of Empathic Skillfulness | |
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| Level One and Level Two Responses: Empathic Failure Versus Optimal Empathic Failure | |
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| Level Three Responses: Reflection Versus Empathy | |
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| Level Four and Level Five Responses: Imposing a Viewpoint Versus True Empathic Skillfulness | |
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| Samples of Level One to Level Five Responses | |
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| Skill Development Recommendations | |
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| Skills for Cognitive Awareness in Psychotherapy and Counseling | |
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| Working with Thought and Cognition: Overview and Basic Skills | |
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| A Model for Conceptualizing Working with Thought and Cognition | |
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| The Process of Normal Cognitive Development and Implications for Therapy and Counseling | |
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| A Hierarchy of Interventions and Strategies for Working with Thought and Cognition | |
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| Dealing with Clients' Cognition-Related Crises in Session | |
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| Basic Strategies for Working with Thought and Cognition | |
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| Imparting Information | |
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| Sample Transcript of Imparting Information | |
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| Pointing Out Patterns | |
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| Asking Clarifying Questions | |
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| Skill Development Recommendations | |
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| Working with Thought and Cognition: Advanced Interventions | |
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| Establishment of a Context for Advanced Cognitive Intervention | |
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| Step One Toward Building Context | |
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| Step Two Toward Building Context | |
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| Step Three Toward Building Context | |
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| Step Four Toward Building Context | |
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| Confrontation | |
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| Basic Mechanics of How to Use Confrontation | |
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| Guidelines for the Use of Confrontation | |
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| Sample Transcript of Confrontation | |
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| Skill Development Recommendations | |
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| Here-and-Now Cognitive Processing | |
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| Basic Mechanics of Here-And-Now Process Comments | |
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| An Outline for Processing Here-and-Now Events | |
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| Recognizing and Utilizing Opportunities for the Use of Here-and-Now Process Comments | |
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| Sample Transcript of Here-and-Now Process Comments | |
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| Interpretation | |
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| Skill Development Recommendations | |
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| Assumptions Underlying the Use of Interpretations | |
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| Factors to Consider When Using Interpretations | |
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| Guidelines for Using Interpretations | |
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| Sample Transcript of Interpretation | |
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| Skill Development Recommendations | |
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| Skills for Affective Awareness in Psychotherapy and Counseling | |
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| Working with Affect and Emotion: Overview and Basic Skills | |
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| A Model for Affective Awareness and Inner Experience | |
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| Basic Awareness of Affect | |
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| Basic Inner Experience of Affect | |
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| Labeling of Basic Affect | |
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| Identification of Default Affect | |
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| Identification of Affect Intensity | |
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| Identification of Mixed and Conflicted Affect | |
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| Identification of Underlying Affect | |
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| Acceptance of Affect | |
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| Understanding of Affect | |
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| A Model for Affective Expression | |
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| Conscious Outward Expression | |
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| Ritualized Outward Expression | |
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| Congruence with Level of Intensity | |
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| Congruence with Type of Emotion | |
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| Facilitating Clients' Affective Experience and Expression in Session | |
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| Dealing with Clients' Affect in Session | |
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| Dealing with Loss of Control Over Emotion | |
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| Dealing with Uncontrollable Crying | |
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| Dealing with Strong Anxiety Reactions and Panic | |
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| Dealing with Anger and Hostility | |
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| Dealing with Depersonalization and Dissociation | |
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| Skill Development Recommendations | |
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| Working with Affect and Emotion: Focus on the Body | |
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| Focus on the Breath | |
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| Basic Breathing Exercise at Level One of Inner Experience | |
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| Advanced Breathing Exercise at Level Eight of Inner Experience | |
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| Skill Development Recommendations | |
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| Focus on the Body | |
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| Bodily-Awareness Exercise | |
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| Body Attunement Exercise | |
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| Skill Development Recommendations | |
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| Focus on the Bridge Between Body and Affect | |
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| Basic-Bodily-Experience Exercise | |
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| Advanced-Bodily-Experience Exercise | |
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| Skill Development Recommendations | |
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| Working with Affect and Emotion: Focus on Feelings | |
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| Focus on the Experience and Identification of Affect | |
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| Here-and-Now Affect Exploration Exercises | |
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| Affect Continuum Exercise | |
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| Skill Development Recommendations | |
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| Focus on the Acceptance and Understanding of Affect | |
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| Progressive-Muscle-Relaxation Exercise | |
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| Focusing-Relaxation Exercise | |
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| Skill Development Recommendations | |
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| Final Thoughts | |
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| References | |
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| Author Index | |
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| Subject Index | |