| Basic Concepts | p. 1 |
| Arguments, Premises, and Conclusions | p. 1 |
| Recognizing Arguments | p. 14 |
| Deduction and Induction | p. 33 |
| Validity, Truth, Soundness, Strength, Cogency | p. 43 |
| Argument Forms: Proving Invalidity | p. 55 |
| Extended Arguments | p. 63 |
| Language: Meaning and Definition | p. 76 |
| Varieties of Meaning | p. 76 |
| The Intension and Extension of Terms | p. 87 |
| Definitions and Their Purposes | p. 92 |
| Definitional Techniques | p. 100 |
| Criteria for Lexical Definitions | p. 110 |
| Informal Fallacies | p. 118 |
| Fallacies in General | p. 118 |
| Fallacies of Relevance | p. 121 |
| Fallacies of Weak Induction | p. 138 |
| Fallacies of Presumption, Ambiguity, and Grammatical Analogy | p. 155 |
| Fallacies in Ordinary Language | p. 180 |
| Categorical Propositions | p. 199 |
| The Components of Categorical Propositions | p. 199 |
| Quality, Quantity, and Distribution | p. 202 |
| Venn Diagrams and the Modern Square of Opposition | p. 207 |
| Conversion, Obversion, and Contraposition | p. 215 |
| The Traditional Square of Opposition | p. 225 |
| Venn Diagrams and the Traditional Standpoint | p. 234 |
| Translating Ordinary Language Statements into Categorical Form | p. 241 |
| Categorical Syllogism | p. 253 |
| Standard Form, Mood, and Figure | p. 253 |
| Venn Diagrams | p. 261 |
| Rules and Fallacies | p. 274 |
| Reducing the Number of Terms | p. 282 |
| Ordinary Language Arguments | p. 285 |
| Enthymemes | p. 289 |
| Sorites | p. 294 |
| Propositional Logic | p. 301 |
| Symbols and Translation | p. 301 |
| Truth Functions | p. 313 |
| Truth Tables for Propositions | p. 325 |
| Truth Tables for Arguments | p. 334 |
| Indirect Truth Tables | p. 338 |
| Argument Forms and Fallacies | p. 345 |
| Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic | p. 364 |
| Rules of Implication I | p. 364 |
| Rules of Implication II | p. 374 |
| Rules of Replacement I | p. 384 |
| Rules of Replacement II | p. 395 |
| Conditional Proof | p. 405 |
| Indirect Proof | p. 410 |
| Proving Logical Truths | p. 416 |
| Predicate Logic | p. 420 |
| Symbols and Translation | p. 420 |
| Using the Rules of Inference | p. 430 |
| Change of Quantifier Rules | p. 441 |
| Conditional and Indirect Proof | p. 445 |
| Proving Invalidity | p. 451 |
| Relational Predicates and Overlapping Quantifiers | p. 458 |
| Identity | p. 470 |
| Induction | p. 485 |
| Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning | p. 485 |
| Causality and Mill's Methods | p. 505 |
| Probability | p. 529 |
| Statistical Reasoning | p. 545 |
| Hypothetical/Scientific Reasoning | p. 567 |
| Science and Superstition | p. 588 |
| Answers to Selected Exercises | p. 618 |
| Glossary/Index | p. 677 |
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