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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Asian Scriptures Among the World's Religions | |
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| A Brief History of Scripture Scholarship | |
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| The Nature and Definition of Scripture | |
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| The Uses of Scripture | |
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| Advantages and Disadvantages | |
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| Asian Scriptures and Modern Scholarship | |
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| Scriptures and the World Wide Web | |
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| The Plan of This Book | |
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| A Guide to Pronunciation | |
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| Suggestions on How to Read Scriptures | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Questions for Study and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Hinduism | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Overview of Structure | |
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| Origin and Development | |
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| Use | |
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| Teaching | |
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| Aditi and the Birth of the Gods (Rig-Veda 10.72) | |
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| The Creation Hymn (Rig-Veda 10.129) | |
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| Creation from Brahman (Brihad-Aranyaka Upanishad 1.4.1-7) | |
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| The God Indra (Rig-Veda 2.12) | |
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| The God Shiva (Shvetashvatara Upanishad 3.1-13) | |
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| "That You Are" (Chandogya Upanishad 6.1-2, 9-11) | |
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| The Goddess as Kali (Markandeya Purana, Devi-Mahatmya 7.1-25) | |
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| Organization | |
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| The Creation of the Caste System (Rig-Veda 10.90) | |
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| The Four Castes (Institutes of Vishnu 2.1-17) | |
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| Ethics | |
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| Sin and Forgiveness (Rig-Veda 7.86) | |
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| The Three Das (Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 5.2) | |
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| The Way of Asceticism (Mundaka Upanishad 2.1-3, 5-8, 10-13) | |
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| Stages of Life for a Twice-Born Man (Laws of Manu 2.69-74, 191-201; 3.1-19; 6.1-9, 33-49) | |
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| The Life of Women (Laws of Manu 3.55-60; 5.147-165) | |
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| Ritual and Meditation | |
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| The Gayatri Mantra (Rig-Veda 3.62.10) | |
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| Hymn to Agni (Rig-Veda 1.1) | |
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| The Meaning of the Agnihotra Sacrifice (Agni-Brahmana 1.1-19) | |
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| The Puja of a Yogin (Agni Purana) | |
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| Soma (Rig-Veda 8.48) | |
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| Marriage (Rig-Veda 10.85.20-47) | |
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| Cremation (Rig-Veda 10.16) | |
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| Charms and Spells (Atharva-Veda 6.20; 7.70; 6.9; 3.16) | |
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| Chanting of Om (Chandogya Upanishad 1.1.1-10) | |
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| The Practice of Yoga (Shvetashvatara Upanishad 2.8-15) | |
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| Selections from the Bhagavad-Gita | |
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| Mohandas Gandhi on the Bhagavad-Gita | |
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| Two Tamil Poets, Appar and Tukaram | |
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| Poems of Mira, a Hindi Female Saint | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Questions for Study and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Buddhism | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Overview of Structure | |
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| Origin and Development | |
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| Use | |
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| History | |
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| The Past Lives of Gotama Buddha (Jataka 190) | |
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| The Life of Gotama Buddha (Selections from the Buddhacarita) | |
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| The Death of Gotama Buddha (Mahaparinibbana Sutta 6.1-14, 31-35, 45-48) | |
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| The Life of Milarepa (The Life of Milarepa 2.7) | |
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| Teaching | |
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| The Sermon on the Four Noble Truths (Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta 1-8) | |
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| The Skandhas and the Chain of Causation (Buddhacarita 16.1, 28-50) | |
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| The Essence of Buddhism (Heart Sutra) | |
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| A Tibetan Commentary on the Heart Sutra (Jewel Light Illuminating the Meaning) | |
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| A Description of Nirvana (Milinda-panha 4.8.65-66) | |
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| A Mahayana View of the Buddha (Saddharma-pundarika Sutra 2.36; 10.1) | |
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| Poems of Early Nuns (Therigatha) | |
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| Ethics | |
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| Conduct of the Monk (Dhammapada 25.360-382) | |
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| Admonition to Laity (Cullavagga, Dhammikasutta 18-29) | |
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| Wisdom of the Buddha (Dhammapada 1-20, 157-166) | |
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| The Bodhisattva Ideal (Mahavastu) | |
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| Organization | |
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| Founding of the Order (Mahavagga 1.6.10, 11-16, 27-30, 32, 34, 37) | |
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| The Rules of Defeat (Patimokkha, Parajika Dhamma 1-4) | |
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| Rules Requiring Formal Meetings (Patimokkha, Samghadisesa Dhamma 1-13) | |
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| The Order of Nuns (Cullavagga 10.1.1-6) | |
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| Ritual and Meditation | |
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| The Relics of the Buddha (Mahaparinibbana Sutta 6.58-60) | |
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| Mindfulness in Meditation (Majjhima-Nikaya, Satipatthanasutta 10.1-9) | |
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| The Merit of Making Images (Taisho Shinshu Daizokyo, 16, no. 694) | |
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| Scripture to Guide the Soul After Death (Bardo Thodol 1.1-2) | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Questions for Study and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Jainism | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Overview of Structure | |
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| Origin, Development, and Use | |
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| History | |
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| The Life of Mahavira (Acaranga Sutra 2.15.6-9, 14, 16-20, 22-25, 27) | |
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| Teaching | |
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| The World Is Uncreated (Mahapurana 4.16-31, 38-40) | |
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| The Causes of Sin (Acaranga Sutra 1.1-2) | |
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| Can Women Achieve Liberation? (Strinirvana-pariccheda 2, 4; Sutraprabrita 1.22-26) | |
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| The World Is Full of Suffering (Uttaradhyayana Sutra 19.61-67, 71, 74) | |
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| The Road to Final Deliverance (Uttaradhyayana Sutra 28) | |
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| Organization | |
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| The Five Great Vows (Acaranga Sutra 2.15i-v) | |
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| Ethics | |
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| Ahimsa (Sutrakritanga 1.7.1-9) | |
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| Rules for Monastic Life (Uttaradhyayana Sutra 35) | |
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| The True Monk (Uttaradhyayana Sutra 15.1-16) | |
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| Stories from Jaina Scriptures and Commentary (Avasyakasutra 1.484.11-485.13; 2.200.11-201.12; Mulasuddhiprakarana, 179-180) | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Questions for Study and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Sikhism | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Overview of Structure | |
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| Origin and Development | |
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| Use | |
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| Teaching | |
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| Selections from the Japji (1-3, 5-6, 9-10, 12-13, 15, 17-18, 20-22, 25, 28-29, 33, 37-Epilogue) | |
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| Remembering God (Gauri Sukhmani, Mahala 5) | |
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| Creation of the World (Asa Ki Var, Mahala 1) | |
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| Dancing for Krishna (Rag Gurji, Mahala 3) | |
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| The Hindu Thread (Asa Ki Var, Mahala 1) | |
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| Ethics | |
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| Truth Is the Basis of Conduct (Hymns of Guru Nanak) | |
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| Prayer for Forgiveness (Rag Bihagra, Mahala 5) | |
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| Against the Use of Wine (Rag Bihagra, Mahala 1) | |
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| Ritual | |
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| Hymn for the Installation of the Guru Granth (Rag Devgandhari, Mahala 5) | |
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| A Marriage Hymn (Rag Asa, Mahala 5) | |
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| Organization | |
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| The Guru (Rag Gauri, Mahala 3) | |
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| God's Power in the Sikh Community (Rag Gauri, Mahala 5) | |
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| Selections from the Dasam Granth | |
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| Guru Gobind Singh's Story (Vichitar Natak, 6) | |
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| God as the Holy Sword (Vichitar Natak, 1) | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Questions for Study and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Zoroastrianism | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Overview of Structure | |
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| Origin and Development | |
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| Use | |
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| History | |
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| The Call of Zarathushtra (Yasna 29) | |
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| A Hymn of Praise to Zarathushtra (Yasht 24:87b-94) | |
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| Teaching | |
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| Hymn to Ahura and the Purifying Fire (Yasna 36) | |
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| Hymn to Ahura Mazda the Creator (Yasna 37:1-5) | |
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| The Doctrine of Dualism (Yasna 30) | |
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| Ethics | |
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| Personal Virtues (Denkard 6.23, 24) | |
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| Six Ritual Obligations (Sad Dar 6.1-7) | |
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| Ritual | |
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| The Place of the Gathas (Yasna 55:1-3) | |
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| The Zoroastrian Confession (Yasna 12) | |
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| The Four Great Prayers (From the Yasna) | |
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| Disposal of the Dead (Vendidad, Fargard 6, section 5, 44-51) | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Questions for Study and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Confucianism | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Overview of Structure | |
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| Origin and Development | |
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| Use | |
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| History | |
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| The Character of Confucius (Analects 2.4; 7.1-9, 19-24; 10.1-4, 8-12) | |
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| Ethics | |
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| The Virtues of the Superior Man (Analects 1.1-4, 6-9, 14; 15.17-23) | |
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| Benevolence (Analects 4.1-6) | |
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| The Actions of Filiality (Classic of Rites, 10.1, 4, 7, 10-11, 13-15) | |
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| The Attitude of Filiality (Analects 2.5-8; 4.18-21; 13.18) | |
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| Propriety (Analects 3.3-4, 8-9, 12-15, 17-19) | |
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| The Way (Analects 16.2) | |
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| The Love of Learning (Analects 17.8-9, 12) | |
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| Early Debate over the Goodness of Human Nature (Mencius 6.1.1-4, 6) | |
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| The Basis of Good Government (The Great Learning 1-7; 9.1, 3-9) | |
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| The Ruler as Example to the People (Analects 2.18-20; 12.11, 17, 19; 13.4-6) | |
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| Confidence and Prosperity in Government (Mencius 4.3, 9; 1.6.20-24) | |
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| Ritual | |
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| Divination (Classic of Changes 1, 47, 54) | |
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| Songs for Sacrifice (Classic of Poetry, Shang 1; Kau 7; Minor Odes 10.1, 3; 5) | |
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| Music and Morality (Classic of Rites 17.2.10-11, 15-18, 20-21) | |
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| Later Developments of Early Themes | |
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| Later Debate over Human Nature (Xunzi 3.150-151; Fuyan 3.1a-b) | |
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| Attack on Buddhism (Ch'ang-li hsien-sheng wen-chi 39.2b-42) | |
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| Advice for Reading Texts (Conversations of Master Chu 4.37-39, 41) | |
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| Neoconfucian Ethics (Chang Tsai, The Western Inscription) | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Questions for Study and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Taoism | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Overview of Structure | |
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| Origin, Development, and Use | |
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| Teaching | |
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| The Nature of the Tao (Tao Te Ching, 1, 6, 25, 34; Chuang-tzu 29) | |
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| The World (Tao Te Ching 7, 42, 52) | |
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| The Domain of Nothingness (Chuang-tzu, book 7) | |
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| Ethics | |
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| Nonaction (Chuang-tzu, book 7) | |
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| Individual Life in Harmony with the Tao (Tao Te Ching 16, 22, 33, 44) | |
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| The Superior Man (Chuang-tzu, book 12) | |
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| Government (Tao Te Ching 3, 18, 57, 64) | |
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| Great and Small Rulers (Chuang-tzu, book 1) | |
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| On Death (Chuang-tzu, book 18) | |
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| Reward and Retribution (T'ai-Shang, book 1) | |
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| Ritual | |
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| Methods of Prolonging Life (Pao-p'u-tzu 15.6b-7a; 19.6b-7a) | |
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| The Life and Ascension of Shen Xi (Shenxian zhuan, Daozang jinghua 5.11) | |
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| The Relationship of Taoism to Confucianism (Pao-p'u Tzu 7.5a) | |
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| A Complete Taoist Scripture (The True Scripture of the Great Emperor) | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Questions for Study and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Shinto | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Kojiki | |
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| The Nihongi | |
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| Selections from the Kojiki and the Nihongi | |
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| Preface to the Kojiki | |
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| The Creation of Japan (Kojiki, chapters 1-5, 11, 33) | |
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| The Shrine at Ise (Nihongi, chapter 5) | |
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| Emperor Yuryaku and the Story of the Woman Akawi-ko (Kojiki, chapter 154) | |
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| Selections from the Norito | |
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| Festival of the Gates (Norito) | |
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| Ritual Prayer for Forgiveness and Purification of Government Officials (Norito) | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Questions for Study and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Index | |