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| Preface | |
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| Community Nutritionists in Action: Working in the Community | |
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| Opportunities in Community Nutrition | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Concept of Community | |
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| Opportunities in Community Nutrition | |
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| Public Health and Community Interventions | |
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| Healthy People in Healthy Communities | |
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| Community Nutrition Practice | |
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| Community versus Public Health Nutrition | |
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| Entrepreneurship in Community Nutrition | |
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| Entrepreneurs and Intrapreneurs | |
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| Social and Economic Trends for Community Nutrition | |
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| Leading Indicators of Change | |
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| Watchwords for the Future | |
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| Case Study: Ethics and You | |
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| Professional Focus: Community-Based Dietetics Professionals | |
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| Assessing Community Resources | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Community Needs Assessment | |
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| Basic Principles of Needs Assessment | |
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| Programs in Action: The Nutrition Service Project | |
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| Entrepreneurship in Community Needs Assessment | |
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| Professional Focus: Getting Where You Want to Go | |
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| Assessing the Target Population's Nutritional Status | |
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| Introduction | |
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| A Plan for Collecting Data | |
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| Types of Data to Collect about the Target Population | |
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| Women and Coronary Heart Disease | |
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| Methods of Obtaining Data about the Target Population | |
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| Issues in Data Collection | |
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| Practical Issues | |
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| Scientific Issues | |
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| Cultural Issues | |
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| Nutritional Status of Independent Elderly Persons | |
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| Programs in Action: The Project L.E.A.N. Nutrition Campaign | |
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| Putting It All Together | |
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| Professional Focus: Lighten Up-Be Willing to Make Mistakes and Risk Failure | |
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| Principles of Epidemiology | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Practice of Epidemiology | |
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| Investigating Causes of Diseases | |
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| Basic Epidemiologic Concepts | |
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| Rates and Risks | |
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| The Epidemiologic Method | |
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| Hypothesis Testing | |
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| Explaining Research Observations | |
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| Types of Epidemiologic Studies | |
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| Ecological or Correlational Studies | |
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| Cross-sectional or Prevalence Studies | |
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| Cohort Studies | |
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| Case-Control Studies | |
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| Controlled Trials | |
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| Nutritional Epidemiology | |
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| The Nature of Dietary Variation | |
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| Epidemiology and the Community Nutritionist | |
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| Case Study: Epidemiology of Obesity | |
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| Professional Focus: The Well-Read Community Nutritionist | |
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| Food Insecurity and the Food Assistance Programs | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Counting the Hungry in the United States | |
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| Who Are the Hungry in the United States? | |
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| Causes of Hunger in the United States | |
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| Historical Background of Food Assistance Programs | |
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| Welfare Reform: Issues in Moving from Welfare to Work | |
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| Federal Domestic Nutrition Assistance Programs Today | |
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| Filling in the Gaps to Strengthen the Food Resource Safety Net | |
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| The Rising Tide of Food Assistance Need | |
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| Programs in Action: Overcoming Barriers to Increasing Fruit and Vegetable Consumption | |
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| Beyond Public Assistance: What Can Individuals Do? | |
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| Case Study: Hunger in an At-Risk Population | |
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| Professional Focus: Moving toward Community Food Security | |
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| A National Nutrition Agenda for the Public's Health | |
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| Introduction | |
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| National Nutrition Policy | |
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| National Nutrition Monitoring | |
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| Nutrient Intake Standards | |
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| Nutrition Survey Results: How Well Do We Eat? | |
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| Dietary Guidance Systems | |
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| Implementing the Recommendations: From Guidelines to Groceries | |
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| Case Study: From Guidelines to Groceries | |
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| Professional Focus: Evaluating Research and Information on Nutrition and Health | |
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| The Art and Science of Policy Making | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Process of Policy Making | |
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| The People Who Make Policy | |
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| Legitimizing Policy | |
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| The Legislative and Regulatory Process | |
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| Laws and Regulations | |
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| How an Idea Becomes Law | |
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| The Federal Budget Process | |
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| The Political Process | |
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| Current Legislation and Emerging Policy Issues | |
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| The Community Nutritionist in Action | |
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| Make Your Opinion Known | |
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| Become Directly Involved | |
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| Join an Interest Group | |
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| Political Realities | |
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| Case Study: Food Safety as a Food Policy Issue | |
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| Professional Focus: Building Media Skills | |
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| Addressing the Obesity Epidemic: An Issue for Public Health Policy | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Defining Obesity and Overweight | |
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| Epidemiology of Obesity and Overweight | |
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| Medical and Social Costs of Obesity | |
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| Determinants of Obesity | |
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| Obesity Prevention and Treatment Interventions | |
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| Adult Interventions | |
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| Child and Adolescent Interventions | |
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| Public Health Policy Options for Addressing the Global Obesity Epidemic | |
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| Obesity Surveillance and Monitoring Efforts | |
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| Awareness Building, Education, and Research | |
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| Regulating Environments | |
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| Private Enforcement and Litigation | |
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| Pricing Policies | |
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| Societal-Level Solutions | |
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| Where Do We Go from Here? | |
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| Programs in Action: Coordinated School Health Programs | |
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| Case Study: Worksite Health Promotion Program for Prevention of Overweight | |
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| Professional Focus: Diet Confusion: Weighing the Evidence | |
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| Health Care Systems and Policy | |
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| Introduction | |
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| An Overview of the Health Care Industry | |
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| Private Insurance | |
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| Public Insurance | |
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| The Uninsured | |
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| Demographic Trends and Health Care | |
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| The Need for Health Care Reform | |
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| Health Care Reform in the United States | |
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| Nutrition as a Component of Health Care Reform | |
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| Medical Nutrition Therapy and Medicare Reform | |
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| Programs in Action: Evaluating Nutrition Risk in Older Adults | |
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| On the Horizon: Changes in Health Care and Its Delivery | |
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| Case Study: Insurance Access | |
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| Professional Focus: Ethics and the Nutrition Professional | |
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| Community Nutritionists in Action: Delivering Programs | |
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| Mothers and Infants: Nutrition Assessment, Services, and Programs | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Trends in Maternal and Infant Health | |
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| National Goals for Maternal and Infant Health | |
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| Healthy Mothers | |
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| Maternal Weight Gain | |
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| Adolescent Pregnancy | |
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| Nutrition Assessment in Pregnancy | |
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| Healthy Babies | |
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| Nutrient Needs and Growth Status in Infancy | |
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| Breastfeeding Recommendations | |
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| Other Recommendations on Feeding Infants | |
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| Primary Nutrition-Related Problems of Infancy | |
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| Programs in Action: Using Peer Counselors to Change Culturally Based Behaviors | |
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| Domestic Maternal and Infant Nutrition Programs | |
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| The WIC Program | |
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| Other Nutrition Programs of the U.S. Department of Agriculture | |
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| Nutrition Programs of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services | |
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| Looking Ahead: Improving the Health of Mothers and Infants | |
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| Case Study: Promotion of Breastfeeding | |
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| Children and Adolescents: Nutrition Issues, Services, and Programs | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Healthy People 2010 National Nutrition Objectives | |
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| Healthy People 2010 Progress Review | |
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| What Are Children and Adolescents Eating? | |
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| Influences on Child and Adolescent Eating Patterns and Behaviors | |
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| Weighing In on the Problem of Childhood Obesity | |
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| Other Nutrition-Related Problems of Children and Adolescents | |
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| Children with Special Health Care Needs | |
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| Programs in Action: Nutrition Education Strategies for Preadolescent Girls | |
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| The History of Child Nutrition Programs in Schools | |
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| Nutrition Programs of the U.S. Department of Agriculture | |
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| Nutrition Programs of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services | |
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| Impact of Child Nutrition Programs on Children's Diets | |
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| Factors Discouraging Participation in Child Nutrition Programs | |
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| Building Healthful School Environments | |
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| Nutrition Education Programs | |
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| Nutrition Education in the Public Sector | |
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| Programs in Action: Empowering Teens to Make Better Nutrition Decisions | |
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| Nutrition Education in the Private Sector | |
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| Keeping Children and Adolescents Healthy | |
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| Case Study: The Child Nutrition Program | |
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| Growing Older: Nutrition Assessment, Services, and Programs | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Demographic Trends and Aging | |
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| Healthy Adults | |
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| National Goals for Health Promotion | |
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| Understanding Baby Boomers | |
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| Nutrition Education Programs | |
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| Health Promotion Programs | |
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| Aging and Nutritional Status | |
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| Primary Nutrition-Related Problems of Aging | |
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| Programs in Action: Worksite Wellness Works for Firefighters | |
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| Nutrition Policy Recommendations for Health Promotion for Older Adults | |
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| Evaluation of Nutritional Status | |
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| Community-Based Programs and Services | |
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| General Assistance Programs | |
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| Nutrition Programs of the U.S. Department of Agriculture | |
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| Nutrition Programs of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services | |
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| Private-Sector Nutrition Assistance Programs | |
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| Nutrition Education and Health Promotion Programs for Older Adults | |
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| Programs in Action: Bringing Food and Nutrition Services to Homebound Seniors | |
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| Looking Ahead: And Then We Were Old | |
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| Case Study: Postmenopausal Nutrition and Disease Prevention Program | |
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| World Hunger and Food Insecurity: Challenges and Opportunities | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Mapping Poverty and Undernutrition | |
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| Malnutrition and Health Worldwide | |
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| Food Insecurity in Developing Countries | |
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| The Role of Colonialism | |
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| International Trade and Debt | |
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| The Role of Multinational Corporations | |
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| The Role of Overpopulation | |
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| Distribution of Resources | |
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| Agricultural Technology | |
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| A Need for Sustainable Development | |
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| People-Centered Development | |
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| Nutrition and Development | |
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| Agenda for Action | |
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| Focus on Children | |
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| Making the World Fit for Children | |
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| Focus on Women | |
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| International Nutrition Programs | |
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| Looking Ahead: The Global Challenges | |
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| Personal Action: Opportunity Knocks | |
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| Case Study: UNICEF's Child Survival Campaign | |
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| Programs in Action: Vitamin A Field Support Projects | |
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| Community Nutritionists in Action: Planning Nutrition Interventions | |
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| Program Planning for Success | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Factors That Trigger Program Planning | |
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| Steps in Program Planning | |
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| Review the Results of the Community Needs Assessment | |
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| Define Program Goals and Objectives | |
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| Develop a Program Plan | |
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| Develop a Management System | |
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| Identify Funding Sources | |
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| Implement the Program | |
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| Evaluate Program Elements and Effectiveness | |
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| Programs in Action: Feast with the Beasts | |
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| Spreading the Word about the Program's Success | |
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| Entrepreneurship in Program Planning | |
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| Professional Focus: Leading for Success | |
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| Designing Community Nutrition Interventions | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Choose an Intervention Strategy | |
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| Study the Target Population | |
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| Draw from Current Research on Consumer Behavior | |
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| The Stages of Change Model | |
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| The Health Belief Model | |
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| The Theory of Planned Behavior | |
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| Social Cognitive Theory | |
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| Programs in Action: Eat Healthy: Your Kids Are Watching | |
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| The Diffusion of Innovation Model | |
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| Put It All Together: Case Study 1 | |
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| Use Entrepreneurship to Steer in a New Direction | |
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| Professional Focus: Being an Effective Speaker | |
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| Gaining Cultural Competence in Community Nutrition | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Gaining Cultural Competence | |
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| Terms Related to Cultural Competence | |
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| Need for Cultural Competence | |
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| Cultural Competence Models | |
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| Cross-Cultural Communication | |
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| Communication Styles | |
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| Working with Interpreters | |
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| Culturally Appropriate Intervention Strategies | |
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| Explanatory Models | |
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| LEARN Intervention Guidelines | |
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| Practical Considerations for Interventions | |
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| Programs in Action: Encouraging Breastfeeding among African-American Women | |
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| Organizational Cultural Competence | |
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| Essential Organizational Elements of Cultural Competence | |
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| Case Study: Gaining Cultural Competence in a Muslim Community | |
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| Professional Focus: Cross-Cultural Nutrition Counseling | |
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| Principles of Nutrition Education | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Applying Educational Principles to Program Design | |
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| Learning across the Life Span | |
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| Developing a Nutrition Education Plan | |
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| Programs in Action: Behaviorally Focused Nutrition Education Programs for Children | |
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| Nutrition Education to Reduce CHD Risk: Case Study 1 | |
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| "Heartworks for Women" Program: Assessing Participants' Needs | |
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| Designing Nutrition and Health Messages | |
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| General Ideas for Designing Messages | |
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| Entrepreneurship in Nutrition Education | |
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| Professional Focus: Being an Effective Writer | |
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| Marketing Nutrition and Health Promotion | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What Is Marketing? | |
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| Develop a Marketing Plan | |
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| Develop a Marketing Strategy | |
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| Monitor and Evaluate | |
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| Social Marketing: Community Campaigns for Change | |
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| Social Marketing at the Community Level | |
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| Programs in Action: Motivating Children to Change Their Eating and Activity Habits | |
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| A Marketing Plan for "Heartworks for Women": Case Study 1 | |
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| Entrepreneurship Leads the Way | |
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| Professional Focus: The Art of Negotiating | |
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| Managing Community Nutrition Programs | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Four Functions of Management | |
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| Planning | |
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| Organizing | |
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| Leading | |
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| Controlling | |
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| Management Issues for "Heartworks for Women": Case Study 1 | |
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| The Critical Path | |
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| Programs in Action: The Better Health Restaurant Challenge | |
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| The Business of Community Nutrition | |
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| Professional Focus: Time Management | |
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| Building Grantsmanship Skills | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Laying the Foundation for a Grant | |
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| Generate Ideas | |
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| Describe Goals | |
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| Identify Funding Sources | |
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| Identify Potential Collaborators | |
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| Building the Proposal | |
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| Components of a Proposal | |
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| Budget | |
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| Assembling the Final Product | |
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| Review of the Grant Proposal | |
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| Professional Focus: Teamwork Gets Results | |
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| Appendixes | |
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| Nutrition Assessment and Screening | |
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| Complementary Nutrition and Health Therapies | |
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| The SMOG Readability Formula | |
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| References | |