| |
| |
| Introduction: An Invitation to Statistics | |
| |
| |
| The Population and the Sample | |
| |
| |
| Descriptive and Inferential Statistics | |
| |
| |
| Achieving the Objective of Inferential Statistics: The Necessary Steps | |
| |
| |
| |
| Describing Data with Graphs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Variables and Data | |
| |
| |
| |
| Types of Variables | |
| |
| |
| |
| Graphs for Categorical Data | |
| |
| |
| |
| Graphs for Quantitative Data | |
| |
| |
| |
| Relative Frequency Histograms | |
| |
| |
| About Minitab--Introduction to Minitab | |
| |
| |
| Case Study How Is Your Blood Pressure? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Describing Data with Numerical Measures | |
| |
| |
| |
| Describing a Set of Data with Numerical Measures | |
| |
| |
| |
| Measures of Center | |
| |
| |
| |
| Measures of Variability | |
| |
| |
| |
| On the Practical Significance of the Standard Deviation | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Check on the Calculation of s | |
| |
| |
| |
| Measures of Relative Standing | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Box Plot | |
| |
| |
| About Minitab--Numerical Descriptive Measures | |
| |
| |
| Case Study The Boys of Summer | |
| |
| |
| |
| Describing Bivariate Data | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bivariate Data | |
| |
| |
| |
| Graphs for Qualitative Variables | |
| |
| |
| |
| Scatterplots for Two Quantitative Variables | |
| |
| |
| |
| Numerical Measures for Quantitative Bivariate Data | |
| |
| |
| About Minitab--Describing Bivariate Data | |
| |
| |
| Case Study Do You Think Your Dishes Are Really Clean? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Probability and Probability Distributions | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Role of Probability in Statistics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Events and the Sample Space | |
| |
| |
| |
| Calculating Probabilities Using Simple Events | |
| |
| |
| |
| Useful Counting Rules (Optional) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Event Composition and Event Relations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conditional Probability and Independence | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bayes' Rule (Optional) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Discrete Random Variables and Their Probability Distributions | |
| |
| |
| About Minitab--Discrete Probability Distributions | |
| |
| |
| Case Study Probability and Decision Making in the Congo | |
| |
| |
| |
| Several Useful Discrete Distributions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Binomial Probability Distribution | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Poisson Probability Distribution | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Hypergeometric Probability Distribution | |
| |
| |
| About Minitab--Binomial and Poisson Probabilities | |
| |
| |
| Case Study A Mystery: Cancers Near a Reactor | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Normal Probability Distribution | |
| |
| |
| |
| Probability Distributions for Continuous Random Variables | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Normal Probability Distribution | |
| |
| |
| |
| Tabulated Areas of the Normal Probability Distribution | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Normal Approximation to the Binomial Probability Distribution (Optional) | |
| |
| |
| About Minitab--Normal Probabilities | |
| |
| |
| Case Study The Long and the Short of It | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sampling Distributions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sampling Plans and Experimental Designs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Statistics and Sampling Distributions | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Central Limit Theorem | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Proportion | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Sampling Application: Statistical Process Control (Optional) | |
| |
| |
| About Minitab--The Central Limit Theorem at Work | |
| |
| |
| Case Study Sampling the Roulette at Monte Carlo | |
| |
| |
| |
| Large-Sample Estimation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Where We've Been | |
| |
| |
| |
| Where We're Going--Statistical Inference | |
| |
| |
| |
| Types of Estimators | |
| |
| |
| |
| Point Estimation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Interval Estimation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Estimating the Difference Between Two Population Means | |
| |
| |
| |
| Estimating the Difference Between Two Binomial Proportions | |
| |
| |
| |
| One-Sided Confidence Bounds | |
| |
| |
| |
| Choosing the Sample Size | |
| |
| |
| Case Study How Reliable Is That Poll? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Large-Sample Tests of Hypotheses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Testing Hypotheses about Population Parameters | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Statistical Test of Hypothesis | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Large-Sample Test about a Population Mean | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Large-Sample Test of Hypothesis for the Difference between Two Population Means | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Large-Sample Test of Hypothesis for a Binomial Proportion | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Large-Sample Test of Hypothesis for the Difference between Two Binomial Proportions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Some Comments on Testing Hypotheses | |
| |
| |
| Case Study An Aspirin a Day ...? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inference from Small Samples | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Student's t Distribution | |
| |
| |
| |
| Small-Sample Inferences Concerning a Population Mean | |
| |
| |
| |
| Small-Sample Inferences for the Difference between Two Population Means: Independent Random Samples | |
| |
| |
| |
| Small-Sample Inferences for the Difference between Two Means: A Paired-Difference Test | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inferences Concerning a Population Variance | |
| |
| |
| |
| Comparing Two Population Variances | |
| |
| |
| |
| Revisiting the Small-Sample Assumptions | |
| |
| |
| About Minitab--Small-Sample Testing and Estimation | |
| |
| |
| Case Study How Would You Like a Four-Day Work Week? | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Analysis of Variance | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Design of an Experiment | |
| |
| |
| |
| What Is an Analysis of Variance? | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Assumptions for an Analysis of Variance | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Completely Randomized Design: A One-Way Classification | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Analysis of Variance for a Completely Randomized Design | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ranking Population Means | |
| |
| |
| |
| Revisiting the Analysis of Variance Assumptions | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Brief Summary | |
| |
| |
| About Minitab--Analysis of Variance Procedures | |
| |
| |
| Case Study "Are You at Risk?" | |
| |
| |
| |
| Linear Regression and Correlation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Simple Linear Probabilistic Model | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Method of Least Squares | |
| |
| |
| |
| An Analysis of Variance for Linear Regression | |
| |
| |
| |
| Testing the Usefulness of the Linear Regression Model | |
| |
| |
| |
| Estimation and Prediction Using the Fitted Line | |
| |
| |
| |
| Revisiting the Regression Assumptions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Correlation Analysis | |
| |
| |
| About Minitab--Linear Regression Procedures | |
| |
| |
| Case Study Is Your Car "Made in the U.S.A."? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analysis of Categorical Data | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Description of the Experiment | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pearson's Chi-Square Statistic | |
| |
| |
| |
| Testing Specified Cell Probabilities: The Goodness-of-Fit Test | |
| |
| |
| |
| Contingency Tables: A Two-Way Classification | |
| |
| |
| |
| Comparing Several Multinomial Populations: A Two-Way Classification with Fixed Row or Column Totals | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Equivalence of Statistical Tests | |
| |
| |
| |
| Other Applications of the Chi-Square Test | |
| |
| |
| About Minitab--The Chi-Square Test | |
| |
| |
| Case Study Can a Marketing Approach Improve Library Services? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Tables | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cumulative Binomial Probabilities | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cumulative Poisson Probabilities | |
| |
| |
| |
| Normal Curve Areas | |
| |
| |
| |
| Critical Values of t | |
| |
| |
| |
| Critical Values of Chi-Square | |
| |
| |
| |
| Percentage Points of the F Distribution | |
| |
| |
| |
| Random Numbers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Percentage Points of the Studentized Range, q(k, df) | |
| |
| |
| Answers to Selected Exercises | |
| |
| |
| Index | |