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| Introduction | |
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| What Is Statistics? | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Why Study Statistics? | |
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| Some Current Applications of Statistics | |
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| What Do Statisticians Do? | |
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| Quality and Process Improvement | |
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| A Note to the Student | |
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| Summary | |
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| Supplementary Exercises | |
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| Collecting The Data | |
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| Using Surveys And Scientific Studies To Collect Data | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Surveys | |
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| Scientific Studies | |
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| Observational Studies | |
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| Data Management: Preparing Data for Summarization and Analysis | |
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| Summary | |
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| Summarizing Data | |
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| Data Description Introduction | |
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| Describing Data on a Single Variable: Graphical Methods | |
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| Describing Data on a Single Variable: Measures of Central Tendency | |
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| Describing Data on a Single Variable: Measures of Variability | |
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| The Box Plot | |
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| Summarizing Data from More Than One Variable | |
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| Calculators, Computers, and Software Systems | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Formulas | |
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| Supplementary Exercises | |
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| Tools And Concepts | |
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| Probability And Probability Distributions | |
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| How Probability Can Be Used in Making Inferences | |
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| Finding the Probability of an Event | |
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| Basic Event Relations and Probability Laws | |
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| Conditional Probability and Independence | |
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| Bayes''''s Formula | |
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| Variables: Discrete and Continuous | |
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| Probability Distributions for Discrete Random Variables | |
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| A Useful Discrete Random Variable: The Binomial | |
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| Probability Distributions for Continuous Random Variables | |
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| A Useful Continuous Random Variable: The Normal Distribution | |
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| Random Sampling | |
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| Sampling Distributions | |
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| Normal Approximation to the Binomial | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Formulas | |
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| Supplementary Exercises | |
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| Analyzing Data: Central Values, Variances, And Proportions | |
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| Inferences On A Population Central Value | |
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| Introduction and Case Study | |
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| Estimation of � | |
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| Choosing the Sample Size for Estimating � | |
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| A Statistical Test for � | |
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| Choosing the Sample Size for Testing � | |
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| The Level of Significance of a Statistical Test | |
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| Inferences about � for Normal Population, s Unknown | |
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| Inferences about the Population Median | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Formulas | |
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| Supplementary Exercises | |
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| Comparing Two Population Central Values | |
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| Introduction and Case Study | |
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| Inferences about �1 - �2: Independent Samples | |
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| A Nonparametric Alternative: The Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test | |
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| Inferences about �1 - �2: Paired Data | |
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| A Nonparametric Alternative: The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test | |
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| Choosing Sample Sizes for Inferences about �1 - �2 | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Formulas | |
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| Supplementary Exercises | |
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| Inferences About Population Variances | |
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| Introduction and Case Study | |
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| Estimation and Tests for a Population Variance | |
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| Estimation and Tests for Comparing Two Population Variances | |
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| Tests for Comparing k >2 Population Variances | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Formulas | |
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| Supplementary Exercises | |
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| Inferences About Population Central Values | |
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| Introduction and Case Study | |
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| A Statistical Test About More Than Two Population Variances | |
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| Checking on the Assumptions | |
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| Alternative When Assumptions are Violated: Transformations | |
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| A Nonparametric Alternative: The Kruskal-Wallis Test | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Formulas | |
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| Supplementary Exercises | |
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| Multiple Comparisons | |
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| Introduction and Case Study | |
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| Planned Comparisons Among Treatments: Linear Contrasts | |
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| Which Error Rate Is Controlled | |
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| Multiple Comparisons with the Best Treatment | |
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| Comparison of Treatments to a Control | |
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| Pairwise Comparison on All Treatments | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Formulas | |
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| Supplementary Exercises | |
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| Categorical Data | |
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| Introduction and Case Study | |
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| Inferences about a Population Proportion p | |
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| Comparing Two Population Proportions p1 - p2 | |
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| Probability Distributions for Discrete Random Variables | |
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| The Multinomial Experiment and Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test | |
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| The Chi-Square Test of Homogeneity of Proportions | |
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| The Chi-Square Test of Independence of Two Nominal Level Variables | |
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| Fisher''''s Exact Test, a Permutation Test | |
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| Measures of Association | |
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| Combining Sets of Contingency Tables | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Formulas | |
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| Supplementary Exercises PART VI: | |
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| Analyzing Data: Regression Methods, Model Building | |
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| Simple Linear Regression And Correlation | |
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| Linear Regression a | |