Preface | p. xiv |
Map: The World of Buddhism | p. xvi |
Abbreviations | p. xviii |
Introduction | p. xix |
The Buddha's Awakening | p. 1 |
The Social and Religious Context of Early Buddhism | p. 1 |
Issues in Early North Indian Thought | p. 3 |
The Quest for Awakening | p. 4 |
The Birth and Youth of the Bodhisattva | p. 5 |
The Great Renunciation | p. 6 |
The Bodhisattva's Studies and Austerities | p. 8 |
Temptation by Mara | p. 8 |
The Awakening | p. 9 |
The Lessons of Awakening | p. 11 |
The Regularity of Phenomena | p. 11 |
Nirvana | p. 19 |
The Awakening as Paradigm | p. 20 |
The Buddha as Teacher and Power Figure | p. 22 |
The Response to the Awakened One | p. 22 |
The Buddha Begins Teaching | p. 24 |
The First Encounter | p. 24 |
Setting the Wheel of Dharma in Motion | p. 25 |
An Analysis of the First Discourse | p. 27 |
The Four Noble Truths | p. 27 |
The Stages of Awakening | p. 31 |
The Spread of the Religion | p. 32 |
Taking Refuge | p. 32 |
The Development of the Sangha | p. 33 |
The Middle Years | p. 35 |
The Last Days and Beyond | p. 37 |
Buddhist Devotionalism | p. 39 |
The Etiquette of Devotion | p. 40 |
The Development of Early Indian Buddhism | p. 43 |
Sources | p. 43 |
The Formation of the Canons | p. 45 |
The Early Monastic Lineages | p. 46 |
The Early Councils and the Attitude toward Sectarianism | p. 48 |
Norms for Religious Life | p. 49 |
The Code of Discipline for Monks | p. 49 |
Communal Governance | p. 51 |
The Life of the Monks | p. 52 |
The Life of the Nuns | p. 54 |
The Laity | p. 56 |
Asoka | p. 58 |
Abhidharma | p. 62 |
The Lists (Matrka) | p. 63 |
Points of Controversy: The Nature of the Individual | p. 65 |
Points of Controversy: The Nature of Existence | p. 66 |
Past-Life Narratives | p. 67 |
Jatakas and the Perfections | p. 68 |
Avadanas and the Buddha-Field | p. 70 |
The Stupa Cult | p. 72 |
The Period of the Three vehicles | p. 75 |
Social Background | p. 75 |
The Cult of Maitreya | p. 78 |
Monuments to the Triple Gem | p. 80 |
Buddha and Bodhisattva Images | p. 80 |
The Cult of the Book | p. 82 |
The Topography of Sacred Narrative | p. 83 |
The Search for the Mahayana | p. 84 |
The Ugrapariprccha | p. 86 |
The Aksobhya-Vyuha | p. 87 |
The Perfection of Discernment in 8,000 Lines | p. 88 |
The Bodhisattva Elites | p. 90 |
Two Levels of Truth | p. 91 |
Vaibhasikas and Sautrantikas | p. 92 |
Nagarjuna | p. 94 |
Early Medieval Indian Buddhism | p. 99 |
Portraits of a Buddhist Empire | p. 99 |
Mahayana Sutras | p. 103 |
The Dasabhumika Sutra | p. 104 |
The Sukhavati-Vyuha Sutras | p. 105 |
Issues in the Perfection of Discernment | p. 106 |
Scholastic Philosophy | p. 116 |
Vasubandhu and the Abhidharmakosa | p. 118 |
Asanga and the Yogacara | p. 119 |
Bhavaviveka and the Madhyamaka | p. 121 |
Buddhism in Late Medieval and Modern India | p. 124 |
The Culture of Belligerence | p. 124 |
Vajrayana | p. 128 |
Tantras | p. 129 |
Siddhas | p. 132 |
Sahaja | p. 135 |
The Vajra Cosmos | p. 135 |
The Decimation of Indian Buddhism | p. 138 |
Buddhism in Nepal | p. 139 |
The Buddhist Revival | p. 141 |
Buddhism in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia | p. 143 |
The Economy of Merit | p. 143 |
Buddhism in "Further India" | p. 146 |
The Theravada Connection | p. 150 |
The Colonial Period | p. 153 |
Sri Lanka | p. 154 |
Burma | p. 155 |
Thailand | p. 156 |
The Post-colonial Period | p. 157 |
Buddhism in the Village | p. 159 |
Buddhism in the Wilderness | p. 166 |
Buddhism in the City | p. 169 |
Buddhism in Central Asia and China | p. 172 |
Central Asia | |
The Dharma Travels the Silk Road | p. 172 |
China | |
A Grand Assimilation | p. 175 |
Buddhism on the Fringes of Society | p. 176 |
Buddhism Enters the Mainstream of Chinese Culture | p. 178 |
Buddho-Taoism | p. 180 |
The Rise of Buddhist Scholasticism | p. 183 |
The Sui and T'ang Dynasties (581-907) | p. 185 |
T'ien-t'ai | p. 188 |
Hua-yen | p. 192 |
Pure Land (Ching-te) | p. 197 |
The Three-Level Sect (San-chieh-chiao) | p. 199 |
Ch'an | p. 200 |
The Sung Dynasty (970-1279) | p. 204 |
Ch'an Politics | p. 205 |
Ch'an Meditation | p. 207 |
The Rise of Neo-Confucianism | p. 209 |
The Religion of the Masses (1279-1949) | p. 210 |
Religious Life: Devotional | p. 211 |
Religious Life: Monastic | p. 213 |
Religious Life: Lay | p. 213 |
Modern Chinese Buddhism | p. 215 |
A Buddhist Charitable Organization | p. 216 |
Buddhism in Korea and Vietnam | p. 219 |
A Focal Point for Unity and Differences | p. 219 |
Korea | |
The Three Kingdoms Period (18 B.C.E.-688 C.E.) | p. 220 |
The Unified Silla Dynasty (668-918) | p. 222 |
Hwaom (Hua-yen) | p. 223 |
Son (Ch'an) | p. 223 |
The Koryo Dynasty (918-1392) | p. 224 |
Uich'on | p. 225 |
Chinul | p. 225 |
T'aego | p. 226 |
The Yi/Choson Dynasty (1392-1910) | p. 227 |
Japanese Rule (1910-1945) and Its Aftermath | p. 228 |
Buddhism in Modern Korea | p. 229 |
Life in a Son Monastery | p. 230 |
Vietnam | |
Two Streams of Buddhism Converge | p. 234 |
The Modern Period | p. 238 |
Buddhism in Japan | p. 240 |
The Cult of Charisma | p. 240 |
The Importation of Korean Buddhism | p. 242 |
The Importation of Chinese Buddhism | p. 243 |
The Heian Period (804-1185) | p. 245 |
The Kamakura Period (1185-1333) | p. 249 |
Zen | p. 249 |
Pure Land | p. 252 |
Nichiren | p. 254 |
The Muromachi Period (1336-1603) | p. 255 |
The Tokugawa Period (1603-1868) | p. 258 |
State Shinto in Control (1868-1945) | p. 260 |
Modern Urban Buddhism | p. 262 |
A Religion of Self-Empowerment | p. 264 |
Buddhism in the Tibetan Cultural Area | p. 268 |
A Vajrayana Orthodoxy | p. 268 |
The Dharma Comes to Tibet | p. 269 |
The First Propagation | p. 270 |
The Second Propagation | p. 273 |
The Period of Consolidation | p. 277 |
Historical Issues | p. 277 |
Texts | p. 278 |
Doctrinal Systems | p. 279 |
Politics | p. 281 |
The Age of the Dalai Lamas | p. 283 |
The Dynamics of Tibetan Ritual | p. 286 |
A Tradition at the Crossroads | p. 291 |
Buddhism Comes West | p. 292 |
Europe's Early Contact with Buddhism | p. 292 |
The Awakening Meets the Enlightenment | p. 293 |
Buddhism and the Science of Humanity | p. 294 |
The Appropriation of Buddhist Ideas | p. 297 |
The Crisis of Cultural Relativism | p. 299 |
Calls for Reform | p. 303 |
The Varieties of Buddhism in North America | p. 306 |
Parent Traditions | p. 307 |
Modes of Transmission | p. 307 |
Grafting onto American Roots | p. 309 |
An Overview of the Three Major Canons | p. 312 |
Pronunciation Guide | p. 316 |
Glossary | p. 321 |
Select Bibliography | p. 330 |
Index | p. 341 |
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