| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| |
| An Introduction and a Point of View | |
| |
| |
| |
| Earlier Theories of the Response Process | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Proposed Model of the Response Process | |
| |
| |
| |
| Other Recent Proposals: High Road/Low Road Theories | |
| |
| |
| |
| Applications of the Model | |
| |
| |
| |
| Implications of the Model | |
| |
| |
| |
| Respondents' Understanding of Survey Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| What Is a Question? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Two Views of Comprehension: Immediate Understanding versus Interpretation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Syntactic Difficulties in Question Wording | |
| |
| |
| |
| Semantic Effects: Presupposition, Unfamiliarity, and Vagueness | |
| |
| |
| |
| Survey Pragmatics and Its Effects on Comprehension | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Role of Memory in Survey Responding | |
| |
| |
| |
| Survey Questions and Memory for Events | |
| |
| |
| |
| Organization of Autobiographical Memory | |
| |
| |
| |
| Factors Affecting Recall of Autobiographical Events | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Answering Questions about Dates and Durations | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Typology of Temporal Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cognitive Processing of Temporal Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Indirect Effects of Time on Survey Responses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Factual Judgments and Numerical Estimates | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cognitive Studies of Frequency | |
| |
| |
| |
| Studies of Frequency Estimation in Surveys | |
| |
| |
| |
| Probability Judgments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Attitude Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Traditional View | |
| |
| |
| |
| Alternative Paths to an Answer | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Belief-Sampling Model | |
| |
| |
| |
| Tests of the Belief-Sampling Model | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Attitude Judgments and Context Effects | |
| |
| |
| |
| Forms of Context Effects | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mechanisms Producing Context Effects | |
| |
| |
| |
| Variables Affecting the Size and Direction of Context Effects | |
| |
| |
| |
| Serial Position Effects | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Selecting a Response: Mapping Judgments to Survey Answers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Open Items and Rounding | |
| |
| |
| |
| Rating Scales and Scale Anchors | |
| |
| |
| |
| Unordered Categories and Satisficing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Editing of Responses: Reporting about Sensitive Topics | |
| |
| |
| |
| What Is a Sensitive Question? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sensitivity and Nonresponse | |
| |
| |
| |
| Measuring Misreporting | |
| |
| |
| |
| Misreporting in Surveys | |
| |
| |
| |
| Processes Responsible for Misreporting | |
| |
| |
| |
| Editing for Other Purposes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mode of Data Collection | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Range of Methods for Survey Data Collection | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Method of Contact and Administration | |
| |
| |
| |
| Other Characteristics of the Data Collection Method | |
| |
| |
| |
| Psychological Effects of the Differences among Data Collection Methods | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Impact of Cognitive Models on Survey Measurement | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Anatomy of a Survey Response | |
| |
| |
| |
| Impact on Conceptions of Survey Measurement Error | |
| |
| |
| |
| Impact on Survey Practice | |
| |
| |
| |
| Impact on Psychology | |
| |
| |
| |
| Barriers to Further Accomplishments | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Author Index | |
| |
| |
| Subject Index | |