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| List of maps | |
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| Preface | |
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| Transcription key | |
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| Abbreviations used in glosses | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Nature of the Languages | |
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| Sounds and sound patterns | |
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| Inventories | |
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| Transcription conventions | |
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| Syllable structure | |
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| Tone | |
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| Harmony | |
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| Sound symbolism | |
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| Native writing systems | |
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| Words | |
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| Polysynthesis | |
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| Parts of words: roots, affixes, and clitics | |
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| Morpheme order | |
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| General compounding | |
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| Noun incorporation | |
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| The functions of roots and affixes | |
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| Lexical categories: nouns and verbs | |
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| Grammatical categories | |
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| Person | |
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| Inclusive and exclusive | |
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| Long-distance coreference and empathy | |
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| Obviation | |
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| Number | |
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| Inflectional number on nouns | |
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| Inverse number | |
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| Derivational and lexical number on nouns | |
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| Verbal number | |
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| Distributives | |
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| Collectives | |
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| Associatives | |
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| Gender | |
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| Shape, consistency, and related features | |
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| Classificatory numerals | |
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| Classificatory verbs | |
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| Means and manner: 'instrumental affixes' | |
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| Control | |
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| The lexicon | |
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| Verb morphology | |
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| Space: location and direction | |
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| Demonstratives | |
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| Nominal adpositions, clitics, and affixes | |
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| Verbal clitics and affixes | |
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| Time | |
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| Tense | |
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| Aspect | |
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| Modality: knowledge and obligation | |
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| Sample modal paradigms | |
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| Realis and irrealis | |
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| Evidentials | |
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| Sentences | |
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| Predicates and arguments | |
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| Word order | |
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| Grammatical relations and case | |
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| Nominative/accusative patterns | |
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| Ergative/absolutive patterns | |
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| Agent/patient and active/stative patterns | |
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| Direct/inverse patterns | |
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| A tripartite pattern | |
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| Pattern combinations | |
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| Nominative/accusative and ergative/absolutive | |
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| Nominative/accusative and agent/patient | |
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| Nominative/accusative and direct/inverse | |
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| Ergative/absolutive and agent/patient | |
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| Obliques and applicatives | |
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| Possession | |
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| Clause combining | |
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| The expression of clause linkage | |
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| Switch-reference | |
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| Special language | |
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| Baby talk, 'abnormal speech', and animal talk | |
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| 'Men's' and 'women's' language | |
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| Narrative and ceremonial language | |
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| Speech play | |
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| Plains Sign Talk | |
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| Catalogue of Languages | |
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| Relations among the languages | |
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| Dialect, language, and family | |
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| Genetic relationship | |
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| Stocks: hypotheses of more remote relationships | |
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| Language contact | |
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| Borrowing | |
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| Linguistic areas | |
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| Contact language | |
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| Catalogue | |
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| Language families and isolates | |
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| Pidgins, creoles, and mixed languages | |
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| References with note on sources | |
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| Index | |