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| Preface | |
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| Reason And Religious Belief | |
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| Introduction. The Existence of God. Anselm of Canterbury | |
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| The Ontological Argument | |
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| from Proslogion. Gaunilo | |
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| On Behalf of the Fool. William L. Rowe | |
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| The Ontological Argument. Thomas Aquinas | |
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| The Five Ways | |
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| from Summa Theologica. Samuel Clarke | |
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| A Modern Formulation of the Cosmological Argument | |
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| The Cosmological Argument | |
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| The Argument from Design | |
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| Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion | |
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| II-XI. Deborah Mathieu | |
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| Male-Chauvinist Religion. The Problem of Evil. Fyodor Dostoevsky | |
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| Rebellion | |
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| from The Brothers Karamazov | |
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| Evil and Omnipotence | |
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| The Problem of Evil and the Problem of Suffering | |
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| God and the Problem of Evil | |
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| Why God Allows Evil | |
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| from Is there a God? Reason and Faith | |
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| The Ethics of Belief | |
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| The Will to Believe | |
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| Without Evidence or Argument | |
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| The Wager | |
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| Miracles and Testimony | |
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| from Think | |
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| Human Knowledge: Its Grounds And Limits | |
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| Introduction. Skepticism | |
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| A Brain in a Vat | |
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| An Argument for Skepticism | |
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| The Problem of the Criterion. Our Knowledge of the External World. Bertrand Russell | |
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| Appearance and Reality and the Existence of Matter. Rene Descartes | |
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| Meditations on First Philosophy | |
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| The Causal Theory of Perception | |
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| from An Essay Concerning Human Understanding | |
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| Of the Principles of Human Knowledge | |
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| Of the Existence of a Material World | |
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| from Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of Common Sense | |
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| Proof of an External World. The Methods of Science | |
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| An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding | |
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| II | |
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| IV-VII. Wesley C. Salmon | |
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| An Encounter with David Hume | |
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| Conjectures and Refutations | |
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| Believing Where We Cannot Prove | |
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| from Abusing Science | |
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| Mind And Its Place In Nature | |
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| Introduction. The Mind-Body Problem | |
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| In Defense of Mind-Body Dualism | |
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| The Qualia Problem | |
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| The Case for Materialism | |
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| from Thinking about Consciousness | |
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| The Mind is the Brain | |
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| from Introducing Persons | |
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| Behaviorism | |
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| Materialism and Functionalism | |
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| from Matter and Consciousness. Can Non-Humans Think? Alan Turing | |
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| Computing Machinery and Intelligence | |
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| Minds | |
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| Brains | |
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| and Programs | |
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| Robots and Minds | |
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| from Consciousness | |
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| Brute Experience | |
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| Animal Minds. Personal Identity and the Survival of Death | |
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| The Prince and the Cobbler | |
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| from An Essay Concerning Human Understanding | |
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| Of Mr. Locke''s Account of Identity | |
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| from Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man | |
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| The Self | |
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| from A Treatise of Human Nature | |
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| Divided Minds and the Nature of Persons | |
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| Where am I? | |
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| from Brainstorms | |
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| A Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality | |
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| Determinism Free Will And Responsibility | |
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| Introduction. Hard Determinism: The Case for Determinism and Its Incompatibility with Any Important Sense of Free Will. Paul Holbach | |
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| The Illusion of Free Will | |
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| from System of Nature | |
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| Fate | |
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| Why We Have No Free Will and Can Live Without It. | |
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| Compatibilism: The Case for Determinsim and Its Compatibility with the Most Important Sense of Free Will | |
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| from Philosophical Essays | |
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| The Problem of Free Will | |
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| from Religion and the Modern Mind | |
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| My Compatibilism. Libertarianism: The Case for Free Will and Its Incompatibility with Determinism | |
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| Human Freedom and the Self | |
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| Free Will: Ancient Dispute | |
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| New Themes | |
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| Existentialism is a Humanism. | |
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| Freedom and Moral Responsibility | |
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| The Impossibility of Moral Responsibility | |
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| The Debate over Free | |