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Preface | |
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Contributors | |
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Introduction to Ultra Wideband | |
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Introduction | |
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Benefits of UWB | |
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Applications | |
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Challenges | |
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Scope of the Book | |
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UWB Channel Estimation and Synchronization | |
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Introduction | |
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Channel Estimation at SubNyquist Sampling Rate | |
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UWB Channel Model | |
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Frequency-Domain Channel Estimation | |
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Polynomial Realization of the Model-Based Methods | |
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Subspace-Based Approach | |
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Estimation of Closely Spaced Paths | |
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Performance Evaluation | |
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Analysis of Noise Sensitivity | |
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Computational Complexity and Alternative Solutions | |
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Numerical Example | |
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Estimating UWB Channels with Frequency-Dependent Distortion | |
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Algorithm Outline | |
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Channel Estimation from Multiple Bands | |
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Filter Bank Approach | |
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Estimation from Nonadjacent Bands | |
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Low-Complexity Rapid Acquisition in UWB Localizers | |
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Two-Step Estimation | |
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Conclusions | |
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Ultra Wideband Geolocation | |
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Introduction | |
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Signal Model | |
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Positioning Techniques | |
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Angle of Arrival | |
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Received Signal Strength | |
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Time-Based Approaches | |
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Main Sources of Error in Time-Based Positioning | |
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Multipath Propagation | |
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Multiple Access Interference | |
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Nonline-of-Sight Propagation | |
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High Time Resolution of UWB Signals | |
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Ranging and Positioning | |
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Relationship Between Ranging and Optimal Positioning Algorithms | |
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ToA Estimation Algorithms | |
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Two-Way Ranging Protocols | |
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Location-Aware Applications | |
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Conclusions | |
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UWB Modulation Options | |
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Introduction | |
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UWB Signaling Techniques | |
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UWB-IR Signaling | |
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Multiband UWB | |
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Multicarrier UWB | |
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OFDM | |
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Data Mapping | |
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Binary Data Mapping Schemes | |
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M-ary Data Mapping Schemes | |
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Spectral Characteristics | |
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Data Mapping and Transceiver Complexity | |
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Modulation Performances in Practical Conditions | |
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Effects of Multipath | |
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Effects of Multiple Access Interference | |
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Effects of Timing Jitter and Finger Estimation Error | |
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Conclusion | |
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Ultra Wideband Pulse Shaper Design | |
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Introduction | |
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Transmit Spectrum and Pulse Shaper | |
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FIR Digital Pulse Design | |
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Optimal UWB Single Pulse Design | |
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Parks-McClellan Algorithm | |
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Optimal UWB Pulse Design via Direct Maximization of NESP | |
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Constrained Frequency Response Approximation | |
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Constrained Frequency Response Design with Linear Phase Filters | |
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Optimal UWB Orthogonal Pulse Design | |
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Orthogonality Formulation | |
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Sequential UWB Pulse Design | |
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Sequential UWB Pulse Design with Linear Phase Filters | |
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Design Examples and Comparisons | |
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Single-Pulse Designs and their Spectral Utilization Efficiency | |
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Multiband Pulse Design | |
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Multiple Orthogonal Pulse Design | |
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Pulse Designs for Narrowband Interference Avoidance | |
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Impact of Pulse Designs on Transceiver Power Efficiency | |
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Conclusions | |
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Antenna Issues | |
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Introduction | |
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Design Considerations | |
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Description of Antenna Systems | |
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Single-Band and Multiband Schemes | |
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Source Pulses | |
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Transmit Antenna and PDS | |
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Transmit-Receive Antenna System | |
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Antenna and Pulse versus BER Performance | |
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Pulsed UWB System | |
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Effects of Antennas and Pulses | |
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Ultra Wideband Receiver Architectures | |
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Introduction | |
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System Model | |
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UWB Receiver Related Issues | |
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Sampling | |
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UWB Channel and Channel Parameters Estimation | |
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Interference in UWB | |
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Other Receiver-Related Issues | |
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TH-IR-UWB Receiver Options | |
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Optimal Matched Filter | |
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TR-Based Scheme | |
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Differential Detector | |
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Energy Detector | |
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Conclusion | |
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Ultra Wideband Channel Modeling and Its Impact on System Design | |
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Introduction | |
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Principles and Background of UWB Multipath Propagation Channel Modeling | |
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Basic Multipath Propagation Mechanisms | |
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Classification of UWB Channel Models | |
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Channel Sounding Techniques | |
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Time-Domain Technique | |
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Frequency-Domain Technique | |
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UWB Statistical-Based Channel Modeling | |
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Modeling Philosophy and Mathematical Framework | |
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Large-Scale Channel Characterization | |
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Small-Scale Channel Characterization | |
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Temporal Dispersion and Correlation Properties | |
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Impact of UWB Channel on System Design | |
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Conclusion | |
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MIMO and UWB | |
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Introduction | |
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Potential Benefits of MIMO and UWB | |
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Literature Review of UWB Multiantenna Techniques | |
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Spatial Multiplexing | |
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Spatial Diversity | |
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Beamforming | |
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Related Topics | |
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Spatial Channel Measurements and Modeling | |
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Spatial Channel Measurements | |
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Spatial Channel Modeling | |
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Spatial Multiplexing | |
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Spatial Diversity | |
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Beamforming | |
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Conclusion and Outlook | |
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Multiple-Access Interference Mitigation in Ultra Wideband Systems | |
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Introduction | |
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Signal Model | |
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Transmitted Signal | |
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Received Signal | |
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Multiple-Access Interference Mitigation at the Receiver Side | |
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Maximum-Likelihood Sequence Detection | |
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Linear Receivers | |
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Iterative (Turbo) Algorithms | |
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Other Receiver Structures | |
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Multiple-Access Interference Mitigation at the Transmitter Side | |
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Time-Hopping Sequence Design for MAI Mitigation | |
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Pseudochaotic Time Hopping | |
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Multistage Block-Spreading UWB Access | |
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Concluding Remarks | |
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Narrowband Interference Issues in Ultra Wideband Systems | |
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Introduction | |
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Effect of NBI in UWB Systems | |
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Avoiding NBI | |
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Multicarrier Approach | |
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Multiband Schemes | |
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Pulse Shaping | |
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Other NBI Avoidance Methods | |
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Canceling NBI | |
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MMSE Combining | |
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Frequency Domain Techniques | |
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Time-Frequency Domain Techniques | |
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Time Domain Techniques | |
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Conclusion and Future Research | |
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Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing for Ultra Wideband Communications | |
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Introduction | |
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Multiband OFDM System | |
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Band Planning | |
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Sub-Band Hopping | |
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OFDM Modulation | |
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Frequency Repetition Spreading | |
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Time Repetition Spreading | |
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Coding | |
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Supported Bit Rates | |
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MB-OFDM Transceiver | |
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Improvement to MB-OFDM | |
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Multiband Pulsed-OFDM UWB system | |
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Pulsed-OFDM Transmitter | |
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Pulsed-OFDM Signal Spectrum | |
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Digital Equivalent Model and Diversity of Pulsed-OFDM | |
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Pulsed-OFDM Receiver | |
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Selecting the Up-sampling Factor | |
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Comparing MB-OFDM and MB-Pulsed-OFDM systems | |
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System Parameters | |
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Complexity Comparision | |
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Power Consumption Comparison | |
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Chip Area Comparison | |
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Performance Comparison | |
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Conclusion | |
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UWB Networks and Applications | |
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Introduction | |
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Background | |
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UWB Physical Layer | |
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IEEE 802.15.3 Standards | |
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Medium Access Protocols | |
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IEEE 802.15.3 MAC Protocol | |
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Impact of UWB Channel Acquisition Time | |
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Multiple Channels | |
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Network Applications | |
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Summary and Discussion | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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Low-Bit-Rate UWB Networks | |
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Low Data-Rate UWB Network Applications | |
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802.15.4a: A Short History | |
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The 802.15.4a PHY | |
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PHY: 802.15.4a versus 802.15.4 | |
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Technical Requirements | |
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Applications | |
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The 802.15.4 MAC Standard | |
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Network Devices and Topologies | |
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Medium Access Strategy | |
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Prom 802.15.4 to 802.15.4a | |
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Advanced MAC Design for Low-Bit-Rate UWB Networks | |
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(UWB)[superscript 2]: Uncoordinated, Wireless, Baseborn Medium Access for UWB Communication Networks | |
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Transmission Procedure | |
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Reception Procedure | |
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Simulation Results | |
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An Overview of Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks | |
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Introduction | |
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Ad Hoc Networks | |
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Routing in MANETs | |
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Proactive Routing | |
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DSDV | |
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WRP | |
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CGSR | |
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STAR | |
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HSR | |
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OLSR | |
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TBRPF | |
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DREAM | |
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GSR | |
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FSR | |
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HR | |
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HSLS and A-HSLS | |
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Reactive Routing | |
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DSR | |
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ARA | |
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ABR | |
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AODV | |
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BSR | |
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CHAMP | |
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DYMO | |
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DNVR | |
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LAR | |
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LBR | |
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MPABR | |
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NDMR | |
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PLBM | |
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RDMAR | |
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SOAR | |
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TORA | |
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Power-Aware Routing | |
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Bee | |
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EADSR | |
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MTPR/MBCR/MMBCR/CMMBCR | |
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PARO | |
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PAWF | |
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MFP/MIP/MFP[subscrpit energy]/MIP[subscript energy] | |
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Hybrid Routing | |
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MultiWARP | |
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SHARP | |
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SLURP | |
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ZRP | |
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AZRP | |
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IZR | |
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TZRP | |
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Other | |
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Conclusion | |
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Adaptive UWB Systems | |
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Introduction | |
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Related Work on Adaptive UWB Systems | |
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A Distributed Power-Regulated Admission Control Scheme for UWB | |
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Problem Formalization | |
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Power Selection in UWB | |
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Steps of the Access Scheme | |
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Performance Analysis | |
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Impact of the Initial MEI on Performance of MEI-Based Power Regulation Schemes | |
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Performance Behavior as a Function of the Offered Load | |
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Summary | |
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UWB Location and Tracking-A Practical Example of an UWB-Based Sensor Network | |
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Introduction | |
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Multiple Access in UWB Sensor Systems | |
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Location/Ranging Support | |
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Constraints and Implications of UWB Technologies on MAC Design | |
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UWB Sensor Network Case Study | |
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System Description-UWEN | |
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Communications System | |
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Transmitted Signal | |
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Framing Structure | |
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Location Approach | |
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System Implementation | |
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Transceiver Overview | |
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Transmitter | |
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UWB Pulse Generator | |
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Location System | |
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Position Calculation Methods | |
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Tracking Moving Objects | |
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Simulation Results | |
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Conclusion | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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Index | |