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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Elementary Solid State Science | |
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| Atoms | |
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| The arrangement of ions in ceramics | |
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| Spontaneous polarization | |
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| Phase transitions | |
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| Defects in crystals | |
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| Non-stoichiometry | |
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| Point defects | |
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| Electrical conduction | |
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| Charge transport parameters | |
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| Electronic conduction | |
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| Ionic conduction | |
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| Summary | |
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| Schottky barriers to conduction | |
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| Charge displacement processes | |
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| Dielectrics in static electric fields | |
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| Dielectrics in alternating electric fields | |
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| Barium titanate--the prototype ferroelectric ceramic | |
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| Mixtures of dielectrics | |
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| Impedance spectroscopy | |
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| Problems | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Processing of Ceramics | |
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| General | |
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| Cost | |
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| Raw materials | |
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| Powder preparation--mixing and grinding | |
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| The 'mixed oxide' or solid state route | |
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| The oxalate route | |
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| The alkoxide route | |
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| Hydrothermal synthesis | |
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| Calcination | |
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| Shaping | |
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| Dry-pressing | |
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| Isostatic-pressing | |
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| 'Jolleying' | |
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| Extrusion | |
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| Colloidal processing: slip-casting | |
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| Tape-casting | |
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| Calendering and viscous polymer processing | |
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| Injection-moulding | |
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| Films and layers | |
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| High-temperature processing | |
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| Densification | |
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| Hot-pressing | |
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| Isostatic hot-pressing | |
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| Glass-ceramics | |
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| Finishing | |
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| Porous materials | |
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| Processing and electroceramics research and development | |
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| The growth of single crystals | |
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| Problems | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Ceramic Conductors | |
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| High-temperature heating elements and electrodes | |
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| Silicon carbide | |
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| Molybdenum disilicide | |
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| Lanthanum chromite | |
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| Tin oxide | |
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| Zirconia | |
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| Ohmic resistors | |
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| Thin films | |
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| Thick films | |
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| Voltage-dependent resistors (varistors) | |
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| Electrical characteristics and applications | |
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| Silicon carbide | |
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| Zinc oxide | |
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| Temperature-sensitive resistors | |
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| Negative temperature coefficient resistors (NTC thermistors) | |
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| Positive temperature coefficient resistors (PTC thermistors) | |
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| Fuel cells and batteries | |
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| The stimulus for developing fuel cells and batteries | |
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| Basics of fuel cells and batteries | |
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| Electroceramics for fuel cells and batteries | |
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| Ceramics-based chemical sensors | |
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| Sensors based on solid electrolytes | |
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| Gas-sensors based on electronically conducting ceramics | |
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| Humidity sensors | |
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| High transition temperature superconductors | |
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| Overview | |
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| The phenomenon of superconductivity | |
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| Ceramic high-T[subscript c] superconductors (HTSs) | |
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| The properties, processing and applications of HTSs | |
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| Superconducting electronics--thin films | |
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| The future for HTSs | |
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| Problems | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Dielectrics and Insulators | |
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| Capacitative Applications | |
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| Background | |
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| Dielectric strength | |
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| Test conditions | |
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| Breakdown mechanisms | |
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| Thermal shock resistance | |
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| Capacitors | |
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| Capacitor characteristics | |
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| Non-ceramic capacitors | |
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| Ceramic capacitors | |
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| Principal Ceramic Types and Applications | |
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| Low-permittivity ceramic dielectrics and insulators | |
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| Electrical porcelains | |
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| Alumina | |
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| Beryllia | |
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| Aluminium nitride | |
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| Ceramic 'packaging' technology | |
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| Medium-permittivity ceramics | |
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| Rutile ceramic | |
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| Degradation in titanium-containing oxides | |
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| High-power capacitors | |
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| Low-TCC low-loss capacitors | |
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| Microwave ceramics | |
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| High-permittivity ceramics | |
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| Modified barium titanate dielectrics | |
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| Relaxor ferroelectrics | |
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| Multilayer capacitors with base metal electrodes (BME) | |
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| Barrier layer caps (Class IV) | |
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| Ferroelectric memories | |
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| Problems | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Piezoelectric Ceramics | |
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| Background theory | |
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| Parameters for piezoelectric ceramics and their measurement | |
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| General characteristics and fabrication of PZT | |
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| Effects of domains | |
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| Effects of alivoalent substituents | |
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| Fabrication of PZT | |
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| Important commercial piezoceramics | |
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| Barium titanate | |
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| Lead zirconate-lead titanate ('PZT') | |
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| Lead-based relaxor piezoelectric and electrostrictive ceramics | |
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| Lead niobate | |
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| Lithium niobate and lithium tantalate | |
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| Piezoceramic-polymer composites | |
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| Summary of properties | |
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| Applications | |
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| Generation of voltages | |
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| Generation of displacement--'actuators' | |
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| High frequency applications | |
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| Piezoceramic-polymer composites | |
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| Summary | |
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| Piezoelectric relations for ceramics poled in the 3 direction | |
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| Problems | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Pyroelectric Materials | |
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| Background | |
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| Infrared detection | |
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| Effects of circuit noise | |
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| Johnson noise | |
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| Thermal fluctuations | |
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| Materials | |
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| Measurement of the pyroelectric coefficient | |
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| Applications | |
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| Radiometry | |
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| Pollutant control | |
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| Intruder alarm | |
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| Thermal imaging | |
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| Problems | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Electro-optic Ceramics | |
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| Background optics | |
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| Polarized light | |
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| Double refraction | |
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| The electro-optic effect | |
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| Non-linear optics | |
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| Transparent ceramics | |
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| Lanthanum-substituted lead zirconate titanate | |
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| Structure and fabrication | |
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| Measurement of electro-optic properties | |
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| Electro-optic characteristics | |
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| Applications | |
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| Flash goggles | |
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| Colour filter | |
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| Display | |
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| Image storage | |
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| PLZT films | |
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| Optical non-linearity in glass and glass-ceramics | |
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| Problems | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Magnetic Ceramics | |
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| Magnetic ceramics: basic concepts | |
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| Origins of magnetism in materials | |
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| Magnetization in matter from the macroscopic viewpoint | |
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| Shape anisotrophy: demagnetisation | |
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| Magnetic materials in alternating fields | |
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| Classification of magnetic materials | |
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| The paramagnetic effect and spontaneous magnetization | |
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| Magnetocrystalline anisotropy | |
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| Magnetostriction | |
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| Weiss domains | |
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| Magnetization in a multidomain crystal | |
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| Model ferrites | |
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| Spinel ferrites: model NiOFe[subscript 2]O[subscript 3] | |
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| Hexaferrites: model BaFe[subscript 12]O[subscript 19] | |
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| Garnets: model Y[subscript 3]Fe[subscript 5]O[subscript 12] (YIG) | |
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| Properties influencing magnetic behaviour | |
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| Soft ferrites | |
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| Hard ferrites | |
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| Summary of properties | |
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| Microwave ferrites | |
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| Preparation of ferrites | |
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| Raw materials | |
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| Mixing, calcining and milling | |
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| Sintering | |
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| Single-crystal ferrites | |
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| Magnets with oriented microstructures | |
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| Finishing | |
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| Applications | |
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| Inductors and transformers for small-signal applications | |
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| Transformers for power applications | |
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| Antennas | |
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| Information storage and optical signal processing | |
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| Microwave devices | |
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| Permanent magnets | |
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| Problems | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |