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| Preface | |
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| Light and Blackbody Emission | |
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| Emission of Thermal Light | |
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| Electromagnetic Spectrum | |
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| Blackbody Radiation and the Stefan-Boltzmann Law | |
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| Wein's Law | |
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| Cavity Radiation and Cavity Modes | |
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| Quantum Nature of Light | |
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| Electromagnetic Spectrum Revisited | |
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| Absorption and Emission Processes | |
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| Boltzmann Distribution and Thermal Equilibrium | |
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| Quantum View of Blackbody Radiation | |
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| Blackbodies at Various Temperatures | |
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| Applications | |
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| Absorption and Color | |
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| Efficiency of Light Sources | |
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| Problems | |
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| Atomic Emission | |
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| Line Spectra | |
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| Spectroscope | |
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| Einstein and Planck: E = hv | |
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| Photoelectric Effect | |
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| Atomic Models and Light Emission | |
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| Franck-Hertz Experiment | |
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| Spontaneous Emission and Level Lifetime | |
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| Fluorescence | |
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| Semiconductor Devices | |
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| Light-Emitting Diodes | |
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| Problems | |
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| Quantum Mechanics | |
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| Limitations of the Bohr Model | |
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| Wave Properties of Particles (Duality) | |
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| Evidence of Wave Properties in Electrons | |
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| Wavefunctions and the Particle-in-a-Box Model | |
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| Reconciling Classical and Quantum Mechanics | |
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| Angular Momentum in Quantum States | |
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| Spectroscopic Notation and Electron Configuration | |
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| Energy Levels Described by Orbital Angular Momentum | |
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| Magnetic Quantum Numbers | |
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| Direct Evidence of Momentum: The Stern-Gerlach Experiment | |
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| Electron Spin | |
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| Summary of Quantum Numbers | |
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| Example of Quantum Numbers: The Sodium Spectrum | |
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| Multiple Electrons: The Mercury Spectrum | |
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| Energy Levels and Transitions in Gas Lasers | |
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| Molecular Energy Levels | |
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| Infrared Spectroscopy Applications | |
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| Problems | |
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| Lasing Processes | |
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| Characteristics of Coherent Light | |
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| Boltzmann Distribution and Thermal Equilibrium | |
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| Creating an Inversion | |
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| Stimulated Emission | |
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| Rate Equations and Criteria for Lasing | |
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| Laser Gain | |
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| Linewidth | |
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| Thresholds for Lasing | |
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| Calculating Threshold Gain | |
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| Problems | |
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| Lasing Transitions and Gain | |
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| Selective Pumping | |
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| Three- and Four-Level Lasers | |
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| CW Lasing Action | |
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| Thermal Population Effects | |
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| Depopulation of Lower Energy Levels in Four-Level Lasers | |
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| Rate Equation Analysis for Atomic Transitions | |
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| Rate Equation Analysis for Three- and Four-Level Lasers | |
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| Gain Revisited | |
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| Saturation | |
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| Required Pump Power and Efficiency | |
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| Output Power | |
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| Problems | |
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| Cavity Optics | |
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| Requirements for a Resonator | |
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| Gain and Loss in a Cavity | |
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| Resonator as an Interferometer | |
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| Longitudinal Modes | |
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| Wavelength Selection in Multiline Lasers | |
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| Single-Frequency Operation | |
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| Characterization of a Resonator | |
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| Gaussian Beam | |
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| Resonator Stability | |
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| Common Cavity Configurations | |
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| Spatial Energy Distributions: Transverse Modes | |
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| Limiting Modes | |
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| Resonator Alignment: A Practical Approach | |
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| Problems | |
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| Fast-Pulse Production | |
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| Concept of Q-Switching | |
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| Intracavity Switches | |
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| Energy Storage in Laser Media | |
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| Pulse Power and Energy | |
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| Electrooptic Modulators | |
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| Acoustooptic Modulators | |
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| Cavity Dumping | |
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| Modelocking | |
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| Modelocking in the Frequency Domain | |
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| Problems | |
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| Nonlinear Optics | |
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| Linear and Nonlinear Phenomena | |
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| Phase Matching | |
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| Nonlinear Materials | |
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| SHG Efficiency | |
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| Sum and Difference Optical Mixing | |
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| Higher-Order Nonlinear Effects | |
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| Optical Parametric Oscillators | |
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| Problems | |
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| Visible Gas Lasers | |
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| Helium-Neon Lasers | |
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| Lasing Medium | |
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| Optics and Cavities | |
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| Laser Structure | |
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| HeNe Power Supplies | |
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| Output Characteristics | |
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| Applications | |
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| Ion Lasers | |
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| Lasing Medium | |
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| Optics and Cavities | |
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| Laser Structure | |
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| Power Supplies | |
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| Output Characteristics | |
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| Applications and Operation | |
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| UV Gas Lasers | |
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| Nitrogen Lasers | |
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| Lasing Medium | |
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| Gain and Optics | |
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| Nitrogen Laser Structure | |
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| Output Characteristics | |
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| Applications and Practical Units | |
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| Excimer Lasers | |
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| Lasing Medium | |
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| Gain and Optics | |
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| Excimer Laser Structure | |
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| Applications | |
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| Practical and Commercial Units | |
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| Infrared Gas Lasers | |
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| Carbon Dioxide Lasers | |
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| Lasing Medium | |
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| Optics and Cavities | |
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| Structure of a Longitudinal CO[subscript 2] Laser | |
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| Structure of a Transverse CO[subscript 2] Laser | |
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| Alternative Structures | |
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| Power Supplies | |
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| Output Characteristics | |
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| Applications | |
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| Far-IR Lasers | |
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| Solid-State Lasers | |
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| Ruby Lasers | |
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| Lasing Medium | |
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| Optics and Cavities | |
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| Laser Structure | |
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| Power Supplies | |
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| Output Characteristics | |
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| Applications | |
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| YAG (Neodymium) Lasers | |
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| Lasing Medium | |
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| Optics and Cavities | |
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| Laser Structure | |
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| Power Supplies | |
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| Applications, Safety, and Maintenance | |
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| Fiber Amplifiers | |
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| Semiconductor Lasers | |
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| Lasing Medium | |
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| Laser Structure | |
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| Optics | |
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| Power Supplies | |
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| Output Characteristics | |
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| Applications | |
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| Tunable Dye Lasers | |
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| Lasing Medium | |
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| Laser Structure | |
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| Optics and Cavities | |
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| Output Characteristics | |
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| Applications | |
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| Index | |