| |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| North America before Columbus | |
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| Africans | |
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| Antilia | |
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| Asians | |
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| Bjarni Herjolfsson | |
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| Brendan, Saint | |
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| Bristol, England | |
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| Celts | |
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| Day, John | |
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| Disputed claims for pre-Columbian contacts | |
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| Egyptians | |
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| Erik the Red | |
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| Greeks | |
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| Greenland | |
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| Helluland | |
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| Henry the Navigator | |
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| Irish | |
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| L'Anse aux Meadows | |
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| Leif Eriksson | |
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| Libyans | |
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| Maps | |
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| Markland | |
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| Muslims | |
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| Native Americans | |
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| Navigation | |
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| Newfoundland | |
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| Norse | |
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| Phoenicians | |
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| Pining and Pothorst | |
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| Piri Reis map | |
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| Scolvus, Johannes | |
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| Sinclair, Henry | |
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| Skraelings | |
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| Vinland | |
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| Vinland Map | |
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| Welsh | |
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| Zeno brothers | |
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| The Spanish Enter the New World, 1492-1635 | |
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| Alarcon, Hernando de | |
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| Alvarado, Hernando de | |
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| Alvarado, Pedro de | |
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| Anian, Strait of | |
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| Balboa, Vasco Nunez de | |
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| Bolanos, Francisco de | |
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| Bosque and Larios expedition | |
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| Cabeza de Vaca, Alvar Nunez | |
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| Cabrillo, Juan Rodriguez | |
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| Carvajal y de la Cueva, Luis de | |
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| Castano de Sosa, Gaspar | |
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| Cermeno, Sebastian Rodriguez | |
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| Columbus, Christopher | |
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| Coronado, Francisco Vasquez de | |
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| Cortes, Hernan | |
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| Cosa, Juan de la | |
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| Cuba | |
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| Diaz, Melchior | |
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| Disease | |
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| Drake, Sir Francis | |
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| Espejo and Beltran expedition | |
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| Estevanico | |
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| Fuca, Juan de | |
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| Gali, Francisco | |
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| Grijalva, Juan de | |
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| Gutierrez de Humana and Leyva de Bonilla expedition | |
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| Hernandez de Cordoba, Francisco de | |
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| Hernandez de Cordoba, Francisco de (2) | |
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| Hispaniola | |
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| Jimenez, Fortun | |
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| Lavazares, Guido de | |
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| Legendary destinations | |
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| Lopez de Cardenas, Garcia | |
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| Marcos de Niza | |
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| Montejo, Francisco | |
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| Moscoso Alvarado, Luis de | |
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| Narvaez, Panfilo de | |
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| New Spain | |
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| Ocampo, Sebastian | |
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| Ojeda, Alonso de | |
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| Onate, Juan de | |
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| Papal bulls | |
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| Pizarro, Francisco | |
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| Possession, Spanish Act of | |
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| Pueblo Indians | |
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| Puerto Rico | |
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| Rodriguez, Agustin | |
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| Salas-Lopez expedition | |
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| Tordesillas, Treaty of | |
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| Ulloa, Francisco de | |
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| Unamuno, Pedro de | |
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| Vespucci, Amerigo | |
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| Vizcaino, Sebastian | |
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| Zaldivar, Vicente de | |
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| The Atlantic Seaboard, 1497-1680 | |
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| Abenaki | |
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| Acadia | |
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| Alaminos, Antonio de | |
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| Algonquin | |
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| Alvarez de Pineda, Alonso | |
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| Amadas-Barlowe expedition | |
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| Ayllon, Lucas Vasquez de | |
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| Batts-Fallam expedition | |
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| Beothuk | |
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| Bland-Wood expedition | |
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| Blue Ridge Mountains | |
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| Boston | |
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| Brule, Etienne | |
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| Bry, Theodore de | |
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| Byrd, William II | |
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| Cabot, John | |
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| Cabot, Sebastian | |
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| Cape Cod | |
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| Cartier, Jacques | |
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| Champlain, Samuel de | |
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| Chesapeake Bay | |
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| Chozas and Salas expedition | |
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| Corte-Real expeditions | |
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| Fagundes, Joao Alvarez | |
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| Fernandes, Joao | |
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| Fernandez de Ecija, Francisco | |
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| Florida | |
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| Francois I | |
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| Funk Island | |
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| Gilbert, Sir Humphrey | |
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| Gomes, Estevao | |
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| Gonzalez, Vicente | |
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| Gosnold, Bartholomew | |
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| Grenville expeditions | |
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| Hakluyt, Richard | |
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| Hariot, Thomas | |
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| Hochelaga | |
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| Hore, Richard | |
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| Huron | |
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| Ingram, David | |
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| Jamestown | |
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| Jerome and Rocque expedition | |
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| Labrador | |
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| Lane, Ralph | |
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| Lederer, John | |
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| Luna y Arellano, Tristan de | |
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| Martyr, Peter | |
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| Menendez de Aviles, Pedro | |
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| Needham and Arthur expedition | |
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| Newfoundland | |
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| New France | |
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| Norumbega | |
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| Oldham, John | |
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| Pardo, Juan | |
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| Ponce de Leon, Juan | |
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| Quejo, Pedro de | |
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| Raleigh, Sir Walter | |
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| Ribaut and Laudonniere expeditions | |
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| Roanoke Colony | |
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| Roberval, Sieur de | |
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| Rut, John | |
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| Saguenay | |
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| St. Lawrence River | |
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| Sandford, Robert | |
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| Smith, John | |
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| Soto, Hernando de | |
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| Velazquez, Antonio | |
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| Verrazano, Giovanni da | |
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| Villafane, Angel de | |
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| Waymouth, George | |
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| Wood, Abraham | |
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| Woodward, Henry | |
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| Exploring West of the Mississippi, 1635-1800 | |
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| Agreda, Maria de Jesus | |
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| Aguayo, Marques de San Miguel de | |
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| Aguirre, Pedro de | |
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| Alarcon, Martin de | |
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| Anza, Juan Bautista de | |
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| Aranda, Miguel de | |
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| Barreiro, Francisco Alvarez | |
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| Barroto, Juan Enriquez | |
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| Bodega y Quadra, Juan Francisco de la | |
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| Casa Calvo, Sebastian Calvo de la Puerta y O'Farril, Marques de | |
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| Cook, James | |
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| Del Rio, Domingo | |
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| Escalante and Dominguez expedition | |
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| Escandon, Jose de | |
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| Espinosa, Isidro Felix de | |
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| Espinosa-Olivares-Aguirre expedition | |
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| Evia, Jose Antonio de | |
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| Fages, Pedro | |
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| Finiels, Nicolas de | |
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| Garces, Francisco Tomas | |
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| Grenier, Chevalier | |
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| Guadalajara, Diego de | |
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| Hezeta, Bruno de | |
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| Kino, Eusebio Francisco | |
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| La Perouse, Jean-Francois Galaup, Comte de | |
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| Leon, Alonso de | |
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| Malaspina, Alejandro | |
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| Martin-Castillo expedition | |
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| Martinez, Esteban Jose | |
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| Mendoza-Lopez expedition | |
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| Olivares, Antonio de San Buenaventura y | |
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| Ortiz Parrilla, Diego | |
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| Perez, Juan Jose Perez Hernandez | |
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| Pez and Lopez de Gamarra expedition | |
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| Portola, Gaspar de | |
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| Posada, Alonso de | |
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| Quimper, Manuel | |
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| Rivas and Iriarte expedition | |
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| Rivera, Juan Maria de | |
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| Rivera, Pedro de | |
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| Rivera y Moncada, Fernando de | |
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| Rubi, Maria Pignatelli Rubi Corbera y San Climent, Marques de | |
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| Serra, Father Junipero | |
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| Sutil and Mexicana expedition | |
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| Teran de los Rios, Domingo de | |
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| Uribarri, Juan de | |
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| Valverde y Cosio, Antonio | |
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| Vargas, Diego Jose de | |
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| Villasur, Pedro de | |
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| From the Appalachians to the Mississippi, 1540-1840 | |
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| Albanel, Charles | |
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| Allouez, Claude Jean | |
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| Appalachian Mountains | |
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| Bartram, John | |
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| Beranger, Jean | |
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| Bienville, Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de | |
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| Blanpain, Joseph | |
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| Bond, William | |
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| Boone, Daniel | |
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| Brebeuf, Jean de | |
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| Cadillac, Antoine de La Mothe | |
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| Cahokia | |
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| Carver, Jonathan | |
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| Catesby, Mark | |
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| Celoron de Blainville, Pierre-Joseph | |
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| Charlevoix, Pierre Francois Xavier de | |
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| Chaussegros de Lery, Gaspard-Joseph | |
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| Cherokee | |
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| Chickasaw | |
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| Choctaw | |
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| Collot, Georges Henri Victor | |
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| Couture, Jean | |
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| Creek Confederacy | |
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| Cumberland Gap | |
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| Dablon, Claude | |
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| Daumont de Saint-Lusson, Simon Francois | |
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| Delaware | |
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| Derbanne, Francois Guyon Des Pres | |
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| Dollier and Galinee expedition | |
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| Druillettes, Gabriel | |
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| Dulhut, Daniel Greysolon | |
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| Dunbar, William | |
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| Dutisne, Claude-Charles | |
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| Fort Michilimackinac | |
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| Freeman, Thomas | |
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| Gist, Christopher | |
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| Grosseilliers and Radisson expeditions | |
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| Hennepin, Louis | |
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| Iberville, Pierre Le Moyne, Sieur d' | |
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| Illinois | |
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| Jesuit missionaries | |
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| Jogues, Isaac | |
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| Jolliet and Marquette expedition | |
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| Kelsey, Henry | |
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| Lahontan, Louis-Armand de Lom d'Arce, Baron de | |
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| La Salle, Rene Robert Cavelier, Sieur de | |
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| Le Sueur, Pierre-Charles | |
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| Louisiana | |
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| Mezieres, Athanase de | |
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| Miami | |
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| Michaux, Andre | |
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| Mississippi River | |
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| Montreal | |
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| Nicolet, Jean | |
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| Nicollet, Joseph Nicolas | |
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| Nolan, Philip | |
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| Noyon, Jacques de | |
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| Ohio River | |
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| Pere, Jean | |
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| Robutel de la Noue, Zacharie | |
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| Rogers, Robert | |
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| Roseboom, Johannes | |
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| Sagean, Mathieu | |
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| Saint-Denis, Louis Juchereau de | |
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| Schoolcraft, Henry Rowe | |
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| Sioux | |
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| Spotswood, Alexander | |
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| Tonty, Henri | |
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| Viele, Arnold | |
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| Walker, Thomas | |
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| Welch, Thomas | |
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| Across the North American Continent, 1720-1880 | |
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| American Fur Company | |
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| Ashley, William Henry | |
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| Astor, John Jacob | |
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| Bannock | |
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| Benton, Thomas Hart | |
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| Bent's Fort | |
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| Bidwell, John | |
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| Blackfoot | |
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| Bonneville, Benjamin Louis Eulalie de | |
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| Bourgmond, Etienne Venard de | |
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| Bridger, James | |
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| Broughton, Henry | |
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| California Trail | |
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| Carson, Kit | |
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| Chouteau, Auguste Pierre | |
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| Clark, William | |
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| Colter, John | |
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| Columbia River | |
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| Continental Divide | |
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| Corps of Topographical Engineers | |
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| Davis, Jefferson | |
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| De Voto, Bernard Augustine | |
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| Dutton, Clarence | |
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| Emory, William H. | |
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| Fidler, Peter | |
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| Fitzpatrick, Thomas | |
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| Fort Astoria | |
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| Fort Hall | |
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| Fort Laramie | |
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| Fort Vancouver | |
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| Fraser, Simon | |
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| Fremont, Jessie Benton | |
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| Fremont, John Charles | |
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| Grand Canyon | |
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| Grand Teton Mountains | |
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| Gray, Robert | |
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| Great American Desert | |
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| Gros Ventre | |
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| Hayden, Ferdinand Vandeveer | |
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| Henday, Anthony | |
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| Henry, Andrew | |
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| Holmes, William H. | |
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| Hudson's Bay Company | |
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| Humboldt River | |
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| Hunt, Wilson Price | |
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| Irving, Washington | |
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| Ives and Macomb surveys | |
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| Jefferson, Thomas | |
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| King, Clarence | |
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| La Harpe, Jean-Baptiste Benard, Sieur de | |
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| La Verendrye, Pierre Gaultier Varenne, Sieur de | |
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| Lewis, Meriwether | |
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| Lewis and Clark expedition | |
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| Lisa, Manuel | |
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| Long, Stephen H. | |
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| Louisiana Purchase | |
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| |
| Mackay-Evans expedition | |
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| Mackenzie, Alexander | |
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| Mackenzie, Donald | |
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| Mallet expeditions | |
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| Manifest Destiny | |
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| Marcy, Randolph Barnes | |
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| Missouri River | |
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| Muir, John | |
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| North West Company | |
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| Ogden, Peter Skene | |
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| Oregon Trail | |
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| Pacific Railroad surveys | |
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| Palliser and Hind surveys | |
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| Parker, Samuel | |
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| Pattie, James Ohio | |
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| Pike, Zebulon | |
| |
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| Platte River | |
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| Pond, Peter | |
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| Powell, John Wesley | |
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| Rocky Mountains | |
| |
| |
| St. Louis | |
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| Sierra Nevada | |
| |
| |
| Smith, Jedediah | |
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| Stuart, Robert | |
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| Sublette, William | |
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| Thompson, David | |
| |
| |
| U.S. Geological Survey | |
| |
| |
| Vancouver, George | |
| |
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| Warren, Gouverneur Kemble | |
| |
| |
| Wheeler, George M. | |
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| |
| Wilkes exploring expedition | |
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| Yellowstone expeditions | |
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| |
| |
| The Arctic and Northernmost Regions, 1576-1992 | |
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| |
| Amundsen, Roald | |
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| |
| Anderson, William | |
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| Back, George | |
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| Baffin, William | |
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| Baffin Island | |
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| |
| Baranov, Alexander Andreevich | |
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| |
| Bartlett, Robert A. | |
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| |
| Bering, Vitus | |
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| Bernier, Joseph-Elzear | |
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| |
| Boyd, Louise Arner | |
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| |
| Button, Thomas | |
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| |
| Bylot, Robert | |
| |
| |
| Byrd, Richard Evelyn | |
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| |
| Campbell, Robert | |
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| |
| Coats, William | |
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| |
| Collinson, Richard | |
| |
| |
| Cook, Frederick Albert | |
| |
| |
| Davis, John | |
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| |
| Dease, Peter Warren | |
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| |
| DeLong, George Washington | |
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| |
| Dezhnev, Semen Ivanovich | |
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| |
| Ellesmere Island | |
| |
| |
| Foxe, Luke | |
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| |
| Franklin, Lady Jane | |
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| |
| Franklin, John | |
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| |
| Frobisher, Sir Martin | |
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| |
| Glazunov, Andrei | |
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| |
| Greely, Adolphus Washington | |
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| |
| Hall, Charles Francis | |
| |
| |
| Harriman expedition | |
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| |
| Hayes, Isaac | |
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| Hearne, Samuel | |
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| |
| Henson, Matthew | |
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| Herbert, Sir (Walter William) Wally | |
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| |
| Hudson, Henry | |
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| |
| James, Thomas | |
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| |
| Kane, Elisha Kent | |
| |
| |
| Kashevarov, Alexander Filippovich | |
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| |
| Kellett, Sir Henry | |
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| |
| Knight, James | |
| |
| |
| Kotzebue, Otto von | |
| |
| |
| MacMillan, Donald B. | |
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| |
| McClintock, Francis Leopold | |
| |
| |
| McClure, Robert John Le Mesurier | |
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| |
| Middleton, Christopher | |
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| |
| Moor, William | |
| |
| |
| Nansen, Fridtjof | |
| |
| |
| Nares, George Strong | |
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| |
| North Pole | |
| |
| |
| Northwest Passage | |
| |
| |
| Parry, Sir William Edward | |
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| |
| Peary, Robert Edwin | |
| |
| |
| Rae, John | |
| |
| |
| Rasmussen, Knud Johan Victor | |
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| |
| Roque, Marguerite de la | |
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| |
| Ross, Sir James Clark | |
| |
| |
| Ross, Sir John | |
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| |
| Russians in North America | |
| |
| |
| Schwatka, Frederick | |
| |
| |
| Scoresby, William, Jr. | |
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| |
| Simpson, Thomas | |
| |
| |
| Stefansson, Vilhjalmur | |
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| |
| Sverdrup, Otto | |
| |
| |
| Teben'kov, Mikhail Dimitrivich | |
| |
| |
| Vasil'ev, Ivan Yakovlevich | |
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| |
| Vasil'ev, Mikhail Nikolaevich | |
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| Wilkins, Hubert | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |