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Contributors | |
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Foreword | |
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Preface | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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General Topics Related to Organic Plant Breeding | |
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Organic Crop Breeding: Integrating Organic Agricultural Approaches and Traditional and Modern Plant Breeding Methods | |
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Introduction | |
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How Different Are Organic Fanning Systems? | |
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Consequences for Cultivar Requirements | |
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From Cultivar Evaluation to Organic Seed Production and Plant Breeding Programs | |
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The History of Organic Crop Breeding in Europe and the United States | |
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Perspectives and Challenges for Breeding for Organic Agriculture | |
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Conclusion | |
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References | |
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Nutrient Management in Organic Farming and Consequences for Direct and Indirect Selection Strategies | |
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Introduction | |
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Availability of Nutrients in Organic Farming | |
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Roots: The Hidden Potential | |
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Even Greater Complexity: Plant-Microbe-Soil Interactions | |
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Importance of Selection Environments | |
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Breeding Strategies | |
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References | |
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Pest and Disease Management in Organic Farming: Implications and Inspirations for Plant Breeding | |
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Introduction | |
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Plant Protection in Organic Farming | |
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Key Target Areas of Plant Breeding for Organic Plant Protection | |
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Breeding Goals for Ecological Plant Protection | |
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Plant Breeding Approaches Directly Targeting Pests or Diseases | |
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Plant Breeding Approaches with Indirect Effects on Plant Health | |
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Discussion and Conclusions | |
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References | |
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Approaches to Breed for Improved Weed Suppression in Organically Grown Cereals | |
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Background | |
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Crop Competitiveness Against Weeds | |
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Crop Traits Involved in Weed Suppression | |
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Selection of Traits and Their Evaluation in Plant Breeding Programs | |
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Selection Strategies | |
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Understanding Crop-Weed Interactions to Assist Plant Breeding | |
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Concluding Remarks and Wider Perspectives | |
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References | |
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Breeding for Genetically Diverse Populations: Variety Mixtures and Evolutionary Populations | |
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Introduction | |
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Benefits of Genetic Diversity for Organic Agriculture | |
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On-Farm Conservation of Useful Genetic Diversity | |
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Breeding Strategies | |
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Conclusion | |
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References | |
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Centralized or Decentralized Breeding: The Potentials of Participatory Approaches for Low-Input and Organic Agriculture | |
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Introduction | |
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Centralized and Decentralized Breeding: Definitions | |
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What Can Be Decentralized in Breeding and Why? | |
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Participatory Approaches | |
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PPB: A Single Term Yielding Different Approaches | |
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Some Examples of PPB for Organic and Low Input Agriculture in Southern Countries | |
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Some Examples of PPB for Organic and Low Input Agriculture in Northern Countries | |
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General Conclusions and Limits of PPB Approaches in Organic Fanning | |
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References | |
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Values and Principles in Organic Farming and Consequences for Breeding Approaches and Techniques | |
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Introduction | |
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Arguments Against Genetic Engineering | |
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Organic Basic Principles | |
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Toward Organic Breeding | |
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From Values to Criteria: Evaluation of Breeding Techniques | |
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How to Deal with Varieties Bred with Non-compliant Techniques? | |
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Toward Appropriate Standards to Promote Organic Plant Breeding | |
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Discussion and Challenges for Organic Plant Breeding | |
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References | |
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Plant Breeding, Variety Release, and Seed Commercialization: Laws and Policies Applied to the Organic Sector | |
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Introduction | |
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The Developments of Plant Breeding and the Emergence of Seed Laws | |
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Variety Registration | |
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Seed Quality Control and Certification | |
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Special Needs for Organic Agriculture | |
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A Recent Development in Europe: Conservation Varieties | |
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Intellectual Property Rights and Plant Breeding | |
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Discussion | |
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Conclusions | |
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Notes | |
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References | |
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Organic Plant Breeding in Specific Crops | |
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Wheat: Breeding for Organic Farming Systems | |
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Introduction | |
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Methods | |
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Traits for Selection in Organic Breeding Programs | |
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A Case Study for EPB: Lexi's Project | |
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A Case Study for Breeding within a Supply Chain Approach: Peter Kunz and Sativa | |
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Conclusion | |
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References | |
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Maize: Breeding and Field Testing for Organic Farmers | |
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Introduction | |
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What Kind of Maize do Organic Farmers Want? | |
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Are There Viable Alternatives to Single Cross Hybrids? | |
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Testing and Using Alternative Hybrids | |
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Are There Benefits for Breeding under Organic Conditions? | |
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For Which Traits Is It Necessary to Test under Organic Conditions? | |
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Choice of Parents for Breeding Programs | |
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Breeding Programs | |
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Future Directions | |
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Notes | |
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References | |
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Rice: Crop Breeding Using Farmer-Led Participatory Plant Breeding | |
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Introduction | |
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MASIPAG and Participatory Rice Breeding | |
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Beyond PPB: Farmer-Led Rice Breeding | |
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The Breeding Process | |
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Outcomes of the MASIPAG Program | |
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Outlook | |
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References | |
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Soybean: Breeding for Organic Farming Systems | |
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Introduction | |
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Agronomic Characters | |
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Seed Quality Features | |
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Considerations on Breeding Methods | |
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References | |
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Faba Bean: Breeding for Organic Farming Systems | |
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Purposes of Breeding and Growing Faba Bean | |
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Genetic and Botanical Basics of Breeding Faba Bean | |
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Methodological Considerations | |
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Traits To Be Improved in Faba Bean Breeding | |
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Open Questions, Need for Action | |
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References | |
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Potato: Perspectives to Breed for an Organic Crop Ideotype | |
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Introduction | |
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Required Cultivar Characteristics | |
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Introgression Breeding and Applied Techniques | |
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Participatory Approach: An Example from the Netherlands | |
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Outlook | |
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References | |
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Tomato: Breeding for Improved Disease Resistance in Fresh Market and Home Garden Varieties | |
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Introduction | |
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Botanical and Genetic Characteristics of Tomato | |
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Rationale for Breeding Tomatoes within Organic Systems | |
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Breeding Needs with Focus on Organic Production | |
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Case Studies: Breeding for Late Blight Resistance in Europe and North America | |
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Outlook | |
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References | |
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Brassicas: Breeding Cole Crops for Organic Agriculture | |
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Introduction | |
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Rationale for Breeding within Organic Systems | |
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Plant Biology | |
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Traits Needed for Adaptation to Organic Production | |
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Consideration of Breeding Methods | |
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A Farmer Participatory Broccoli Breeding Program | |
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Outlook | |
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References | |
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Onions: Breeding Onions for Low-Input and Organic Agriculture | |
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Introduction | |
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Robust Onion Cultivars | |
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Breeding for Improved Nutrient Acquisition | |
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Mycorrhizal Symbiosis and Product Quality | |
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Conclusion | |
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References | |
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Index | |