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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Energy: concepts, history and problems | |
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| Energy. | |
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| What is energy? | |
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| Units | |
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| Power | |
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| Energy in various disguises | |
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| Energy quality and exergy | |
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| Student exercises | |
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| The planet�s energy balance. | |
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| The sun | |
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| The earth | |
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| Comparisons | |
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| Student exercises | |
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| A history of humankind�s use of energy. | |
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| Energy and society | |
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| Wealth, urbanization and conflict | |
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| Our current level of energy use | |
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| Student exercises | |
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| Sustainability, climate change and the global environment. | |
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| Sustainability | |
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| Climate change | |
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| Other concerns | |
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| Debating climate change and answering the sceptics | |
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| Student exercises | |
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| Economics and the environment | |
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| Key concepts | |
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| Environmental economics | |
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| Student exercises | |
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| Combustion, inescapable inefficiencies and the generation of electricity. | |
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| Combustion | |
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| Calorific values | |
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| Inescapable inefficiencies | |
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| Heat pumps | |
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| Double Carnot efficiencies | |
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| The generation of electricity from heat | |
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| Student exercises | |
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| � Unsustainable energy technologies. | |
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| Coal. | |
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| History | |
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| Extraction | |
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| The combustion of coal | |
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| Technologies for use | |
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| Example applications | |
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| Global resource | |
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| Student exercises | |
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| Oil | |
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| Extraction | |
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| The combustion of oil | |
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| Technologies for use | |
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| Example application: the motor car | |
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| Global resource | |
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| Student exercises | |
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| Gas. | |
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| Extraction | |
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| The combustion of gas | |
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| Technologies for use | |
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| Example application: the domestic boiler | |
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| Global resource | |
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| Student exercises | |
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| Non-conventional hydrocarbons. | |
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| Oil shale | |
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| Tar sands | |
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| Methane hydrate | |
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| Student exercises | |
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| Nuclear power. | |
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| Physical basis | |
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| Technologies for use | |
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| Environmental concerns | |
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| Waste | |
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| World resource | |
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| Example applications | |
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| Is nuclear power the solution to global warming? | |
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| Student exercises | |
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| Hydropower. | |
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| History | |
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| Technologies for use | |
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| Example application: Itaipu hydroelectric station | |
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| Environmental impacts | |
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| Pumped storage | |
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| Global resource | |
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| Student exercises | |
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| Transport and air quality. | |
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| Present day problems | |
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| Air quality and health | |
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| Example application: air quality in Exeter, UK | |
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| Student exercises | |
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| Figures and philosophy: an analysis of a nation�s energy supply. | |
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| The economy | |
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| Production | |
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| Consumption | |
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| Oil and gas production | |
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| Prices | |
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| Fuel poverty | |
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| Carbon emissions | |
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| Sustainable energy in the UK: the current state of play | |
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| Student exercises | |
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| � Climate change: predictions and policies. | |
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| Future world energy use and carbon emissions. | |
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| The world's future use of energy | |
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| Student exercises | |
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| The impact of a warmer world. | |
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| Climate models | |
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| Natural variability and model reliability | |
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| Future climate change | |
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| Impacts | |
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| Costing the impact | |
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| Student exercises | |
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| Politics in the greenhouse: contracting and converging. | |
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| Climate negotiations | |
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| Another approach | |
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| Bringing it all together | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Student exercises | |
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| � Sustainable energy technologies | |
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| Current world sustainable energy provision | |
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| Energy efficiency. | |
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| Cogeneration | |
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| Reducing energy losses | |
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| Energy recovery | |
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| Energy efficiency in buildings | |
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| Student exercises | |
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| Solar power. | |
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| Passive solar heating | |
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| Heat pumps | |
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| Solar water heating | |
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| Low temperature solar water heating | |
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| Example application: solar water heating, Phoenix Federal Correction Institution, USA | |
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| High temperature solar power | |
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| Low temperature water-based thermal energy conversion | |
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| OECD resource | |
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| Student exercises | |
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| Photovoltaics. | |
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| History | |
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| Basic principles | |
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| Technologies for use | |
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| Electrical characteristics | |
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| Roof-top PV | |
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| Example application: Doxford Solar Office, UK | |
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| OECD resource | |
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| Student exercises | |
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| Wind power. | |
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| History | |
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| Technologies for use | |
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| The modern horizontal axis wind turbine | |
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| Environmental impacts | |
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| OECD resource | |
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| Example application: Har�y Island Wind Farm, Sand�y, Norway | |
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| Student exercises | |
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| Wave power. | |
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| Wave characteristics | |
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| Technologies for use | |
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| Example application: the Pelamis P-750 wave energy converter | |
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| Student exercises | |
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| Tidal and small-scale hydropower. | |
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| Tides | |
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| Small-scale hydropower | |
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| OECD resource | |
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| Student exercises | |
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| Biomass. | |
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| History | |
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| Basic principles | |
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| Technologies for use | |
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| Example application: anaerobic digester, Walford College Farm, UK | |
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| Global resource | |
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| OECD resource | |
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| Student exercises | |
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| Geothermal. | |
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| Background | |
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| History | |
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| Resource and technology | |
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| Technologies for use | |
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| Environmental problems | |
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| World resource | |
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| OECD resource | |
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| Example application: Hacchobaru geothermal power station, Kokonoe-machi, Japan | |
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| Student exercises | |
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| Fast breeders and fusion. | |
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| Fast breeder reactors | |
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| Fusion | |
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| Example application: JET Torus, Culham, UK | |
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| Student exercises | |
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| Alternative transport futures and the hydrogen economy. | |
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| Improving energy efficiency | |
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| Alternative transport fuels and engines | |
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| Hydrogen powered vehicles and the hydrogen economy | |
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| Fuel cells | |
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| Example application: the greening of natural gas | |
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| Student exercises | |
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| Carbon sequestration and climate engineering. | |
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| Capture technologies | |
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| Storage technologies | |
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| The reflection of solar radiation | |
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| Example application: Statoil, Sleipner West gas field, North Sea | |
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| Student exercises | |
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| A sustainable, low carbon future? | |
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| Methodology and assumptions | |
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| Results | |
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| Worldwide reductions | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| What can I do? | |
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| Student exercises | |
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| References. | |
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| National energy data. | |
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| Answers to in-text problems. | |
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| Bibliography and suggested reading. | |
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| Useful data. | |
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| Index. | |