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Preface to third edition | |
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Preface to second edition | |
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Preface to first edition | |
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About the companion website | |
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The whys and wherefores of statistics | |
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Learning objectives | |
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Aims of the book | |
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What is statistics? | |
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Statistics in veterinary and animal science | |
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Evidence-based veterinary medicine | |
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Types of variable | |
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Variations in measurements | |
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Terms relating to measurement quality | |
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Populations and samples | |
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Types of statistical procedures | |
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Conclusion | |
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Exercises | |
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Descriptive statistics | |
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Learning objectives | |
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Summarizing data | |
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Empirical frequency distributions | |
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Tables | |
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Diagrams | |
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Numerical measures | |
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Reference interval | |
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Exercises | |
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Probability and probability distributions | |
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Learning objectives | |
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Probability | |
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Probability distributions | |
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Discrete probability distributions | |
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Continuous probability distributions | |
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Relationships between distributions | |
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Exercises | |
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Sampling and sampling distributions | |
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Learning objectives | |
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Distinction between the sample and the population | |
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Statistical inference | |
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Sampling distribution of the mean | |
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Confidence interval for a mean | |
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Sampling distribution of the proportion | |
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Confidence interval for a proportion | |
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Bootstrapping and jackknifing | |
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Exercises | |
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Experimental design and clinical trials | |
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Learning objectives | |
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Types of study | |
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Introducing clinical trials | |
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Importance of design in the clinical trial | |
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Control group | |
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Assignment of animals to the treatment groups | |
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Avoidance of bias in the assessment procedure | |
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Increasing the precision of the estimates | |
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Further considerations | |
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Exercises | |
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An introduction to hypothesis testing | |
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Learning objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Basic concepts of hypothesis testing | |
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Type I and Type II errors | |
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Distinction between statistical and biological significance | |
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Confidence interval approach to hypothesis testing | |
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Collecting our thoughts on confidence intervals | |
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Equivalence and non-inferiority studies | |
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Exercises | |
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Hypothesis tests 1 - the t-test: comparing one or two means | |
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Learning objectives | |
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Requirements for hypothesis tests for comparing means | |
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One-sample t-test | |
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Two-sample t-test | |
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Paired t-test | |
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Exercises | |
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Hypothesis tests 2 - the F-test: comparing two variances or more than two means | |
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Learning objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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The F-test for the equality of two variances | |
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Levene's test for the equality of two or more variances | |
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Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the equality of means | |
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One-way analysis of variance | |
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Exercises | |
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Hypothesis tests 3 - the Chi-squared test: comparing proportions | |
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Learning objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Testing a hypothesis about a single proportion | |
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Comparing two proportions: independent groups | |
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Testing associations in an r � c contingency table | |
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Comparing two proportions: paired observations | |
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Chi-squared goodness-of-fit test | |
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Exercises | |
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Linear correlation and regression | |
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Learning objectives | |
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Introducing linear correlation and regression | |
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Linear correlation | |
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Simple (univariable) linear regression | |
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Regression to the mean | |
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Exercises | |
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Further regression analyses | |
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Learning objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Multiple (multivariable) linear regression | |
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Multiple logistic regression: a binary response variable | |
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Poisson regression | |
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Regression methods for clustered data | |
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Exercises | |
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Non-parametric statistical methods | |
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Learning objectives | |
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Parametric and non-parametric tests | |
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Sign test | |
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Wilcoxon signed rank test | |
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Wilcoxon rank sum test | |
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Non-parametric analyses of variance | |
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Spearman's rank correlation coefficient | |
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Exercises | |
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Further aspects of design and analysis | |
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Learning objectives | |
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Transformations | |
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Sample size | |
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Sequential and interim analysis | |
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Meta-analysis | |
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Methods of sampling | |
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Exercises | |
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Additional techniques | |
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Learning objectives | |
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Diagnostic tests | |
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Bayesian analysis | |
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Measuring agreement | |
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Measurements at successive points in time | |
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Survival analysis | |
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Multivariate analysis | |
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Exercises | |
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Some specialized issues and procedures | |
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Learning objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Ethical and legal issues | |
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Spatial statistics and geospatial information systems | |
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Veterinary surveillance | |
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Molecular and quantitative genetics | |
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Exercises | |
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Evidence-based veterinary medicine | |
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Learning objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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What is evidence-based veterinary medicine? | |
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Why has evidence-based veterinary medicine developed? | |
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What is involved in practising evidence-based veterinary medicine? | |
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Integrating evidence-based veterinary medicine into clinical practice | |
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Example | |
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Exercises | |
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Reporting guidelines | |
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Learning objectives | |
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Introduction to reporting guidelines (EQUATOR network) | |
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REFLECT statement (livestock and food safety RCTs) | |
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ARRIVE guidelines (research using laboratory animals) | |
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STROBE statement (observational studies) | |
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STARD statement (diagnostic accuracy) | |
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PRISMA statement (systematic reviews and meta-analysis) | |
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Critical appraisal of reported studies | |
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Learning objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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A template for critical appraisal of published research involving animals | |
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Paper 1 | |
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Critical appraisal of paper 1 | |
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Paper 2 | |
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Critical appraisal of paper 2 | |
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General conclusion | |
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Solutions to exercises | |
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Appendices | |
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Statistical tables | |
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Tables of confidence intervals | |
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Glossary of notation | |
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Glossary of terms | |
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Flowcharts for selection of appropriate tests | |
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References | |
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Index | |