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| Preface | |
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| Biostatistics and Biomedical Science | |
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| Statistics and the Scientific Method | |
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| Biostatistics | |
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| Natural History of Disease Progression | |
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| Types of Biomedical Studies | |
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| Studies of Diabetic Nephropathy | |
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| Relative Risk Estimates and Tests for Independent Groups | |
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| Probability As a Measure of Risk | |
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| Measures of Relative Risk | |
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| Large Sample Distribution | |
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| Sampling Models Likelihoods | |
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| Exact Inference | |
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| Large Sample Inferences | |
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| SAS PROC FREQ | |
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| Other Measures of Differential Risk | |
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| Polychotomous and Ordinal Data | |
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| Two Independent Groups With Polychotomous Response | |
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| Multiple Independent Groups | |
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| Problems | |
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| Sample Size, Power, and Efficiency | |
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| Estimation Precision | |
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| Power of Z-Tests | |
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| Test for Two Proportions | |
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| Power of Chi-Square Tests | |
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| SAS PROC POWER | |
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| Efficiency | |
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| Problems | |
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| Stratified-Adjusted Analysis for Independent Groups | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Mantel-Haenszel Test and Cochran's Test | |
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| Stratified-Adjusted Estimators | |
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| Nature of Covariate Adjustment | |
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| Multivariate Tests of Hypotheses | |
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| Tests of Homogeneity | |
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| Efficient Tests of No Partial Association | |
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| Asymptotic Relative Efficiency of Competing Tests | |
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| Maximin Efficient Robust Tests | |
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| Random Effects Model | |
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| Power and Sample Size for Tests of Association | |
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| Polychotomous and Ordinal Data | |
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| Problems | |
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| Case-Control and Matched Studies | |
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| Unmatched Case-Control (Retrospective) Sampling | |
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| Matching | |
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| Tests of Association for Matched Pairs | |
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| Measures of Association for Matched Pairs | |
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| Pair-Matched Retrospective Study | |
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| Power Function of McNemar's Test | |
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| Stratified Analysis of Pair-Matched Tables | |
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| Multiple Matching-Mantel-Haenszel Analysis | |
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| Matched Polychotomous Data | |
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| Problems | |
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| Applications of Maximum Likelihood and Efficient Scores | |
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| Binomial | |
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| 2x2 Table: Product Binomial (Unconditionally) | |
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| 2x2 Table, Conditionally | |
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| Score-Based Estimate | |
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| Stratified Score Analysis of Independent 2x2 Tables | |
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| Matched Pairs | |
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| Iterative Maximum Likelihood | |
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| Problems | |
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| Logistic Regression Models | |
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| Unconditional Logistic Regression Model | |
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| Interpretation of the Logistic Regression Model | |
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| Tests of Significance | |
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| Interactions | |
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| Measures of the Strength of Association | |
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| Conditional Logistic Regression Model for Matched Sets | |
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| Models for Polychotomous or Ordinal Data | |
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| Random Effects and Mixed Models | |
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| Models for Multivariate or Repeated Measures | |
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| Problems | |
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| Analysis of Count Data | |
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| Event Rates and the Homogeneous Poisson Model | |
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| Over-Dispersed Poisson Model | |
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| Poisson Regression Model | |
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| Over-Dispersed and Robust Poisson Regression | |
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| Conditional Poisson Regression for Matched Sets | |
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| Negative Binomial Models | |
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| Power and Sample Size | |
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| Multiple Outcomes | |
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| Problems | |
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| Analysis of Event-Time Data | |
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| Introduction to Survival Analysis | |
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| Lifetable Construction | |
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| Family of Weighted Mantel-Haenszel Tests | |
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| Proportional Hazards Models | |
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| Evaluation of Sample Size and Power | |
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| Additional Models | |
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| Analysis of Recurrent Events | |
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| Problems | |
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| Appendix Statistical Theory | |
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| Introduction 535 | |
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| Central Limit Theorem and the Law of Large Numbers | |
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| Delta Method | |
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| Slutsky's Convergence Theorem | |
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| Least Squares Estimation | |
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| Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Efficient Scores | |
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| Tests of Significance | |
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| Explained Variation | |
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| Robust Inference | |
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| Generalized Linear Models and Quasi-Likelihood | |
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| Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) | |
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| References | |