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| Preface | |
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| Biographical Statement | |
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| Localized Chemical Bonding | |
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| Covalent Bonding | |
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| Multiple Valence | |
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| Hybridization | |
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| Multiple Bonds | |
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| Photoelectron Spectroscopy | |
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| Electronic Structures Of Molecules | |
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| Electronegativity | |
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| Dipole Moment | |
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| Inductive And Field Effects | |
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| Bond Distances | |
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| Bond Angles | |
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| Bond Energies | |
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| Delocalized Chemical Bonding | |
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| Molecular Orbitals | |
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| Bond Energies and Distances in Compounds Containing Delocalized Bonds | |
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| Molecules That Have Delocalized Bonds | |
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| Cross Conjugation | |
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| The Rules Of Resonance | |
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| The Resonance Effect | |
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| Steric Inhibition Of Resonance And The Influences Of Strain | |
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| P�-D� Bonding.Ylids | |
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| Aromaticity | |
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| Six-Membered Rings | |
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| Five, Seven, and Eight-Membered Rings | |
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| Other Systems Containing Aromatic Sextets | |
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| Alternant And Nonalternant Hydrocarbons | |
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| Aromatic Systems With Electron Numbers Other Than Six | |
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| Systems of Two Electrons | |
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| Systems of Four Electrons: Antiaromaticity | |
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| Systems of Eight Electrons | |
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| Systems of Ten Electrons | |
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| Systems of More than Ten Electrons: 4n + 2 Electrons | |
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| Systems of More Than Ten Electrons: 4n Electrons | |
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| Other Aromatic Compounds | |
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| Hyperconjugation | |
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| Tautomerism | |
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| Keto-Enol Tautomerism | |
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| Other Proton-Shift Tautomerism | |
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| Valence Tautomerism | |
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| Bonding Weaker than Covalent | |
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| Hydrogen Bonding | |
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| ?-? Interactions | |
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| Addition Compounds | |
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| Electron Donor-Acceptor (EDA) Complexes | |
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| Crown Ether Complexes and Cryptates | |
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| Inclusion Compounds | |
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| Cyclodextrins | |
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| Catenanes and Rotaxanes | |
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| Cucurbit[n]uril-Based Gyroscane | |
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| Stereochemistry and Conformation | |
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| Optical Activity and Chirality | |
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| Dependence of Rotation on Conditions of Measurement | |
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| What Kinds of Molecules Display Optical Activity? | |
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| The Fischer Projection | |
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| Absolute Configuration | |
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| The Cahn-Ingold-Prelog System | |
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| Methods of Determining Configuration | |
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| Cis-Trans Isomerism Resulting from Double Bonds | |
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| Cis-Trans Isomerism of Monocyclic Compounds | |
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| Cis-Trans Isomerism of Fused and Bridged Ring Systems | |
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| Out-In Isomerism | |
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| Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Atoms, Groups, and Faces | |
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| Stereospecific and Stereoselective Syntheses | |
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| Conformational Analysis | |
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| Conformation in Open-Chain Systems | |
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| Conformation in Six-Membered Rings | |
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| Conformation in Six-Membered Rings Containing Heteroatoms | |
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| Conformation in Other Rings | |
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| Molecular Mechanics | |
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| Strain | |
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| Strain in Small Rings | |
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| Strain in Other Rings | |
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| Unsaturated Rings | |
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| Strain Due to Unavoidable Crowding | |
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| Carbocations, Carbanions, Free Radicals, Carbenes, and Nitrenes | |
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| Carbocations | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Stability and Structure of Carbocations | |
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| The Generation and Fate of Carbocations | |
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| Carbanions | |
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| Stability and Structure | |
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| The Structure of Organometallic Compounds | |
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| Free Radicals | |
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| Stability and Structure | |
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| The Generation and Fate of Free Radicals | |
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| CARBENES | |
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| Stability and Structure | |
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| The Generation and Fate of Carbenes | |
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| Nitrenes | |
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| Mechanisms and Methods of Determining them | |
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| Types Of Mechanism | |
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| Types Of Reaction | |
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| Thermodynamic Requirements for Reaction | |
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| Kinetic Requirements for Reaction | |
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| The Baldwin Rules for Ring Closure | |
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| Kinetic and Thermodynamic Control | |
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| The Hammond Postulate | |
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| Microscopic Reversibility | |
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| Marcus Theory | |
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| Methods of Determining Mechanisms | |
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| Identification of Products | |
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| Determination of the Presence of an Intermediate | |
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| The Study of Catalysis | |
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| Isotopic Labeling | |
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| Stereochemical Evidence | |
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| Kinetic Evidence | |
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| Isotope Effects | |
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| Irradiation Processes in Organic Chemistry | |
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| Photochemistry | |
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| Excited States and the Ground State | |
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| Singlet and Triplet States: "Forbidden" Transitions | |
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| Types of Excitation | |
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| Nomenclature and Properties of Excited States | |
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| Photolytic Cleavage | |
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| The Fate of the Excited Molecule: Physical Processes | |
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| The Fate of the Excited Molecule: Chemical Processes | |
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| The Determination of Photochemical Mechanisms | |
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| Sonochemistry | |
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| Microwave Chemistry | |
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| Acids and Bases | |
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| Br?nsted Theory | |
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| Bronsted Acids | |
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| Bronsted Bases | |
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| The Mechanism of Proton Transfer Reactions | |
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| Measurements of Solvent Acidity | |
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| Acid and Base Catalysis | |
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| Lewis Acids and Bases | |
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| Hard and Soft Acids and Bases | |
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| The Effects of Structure on the Strengths of Acids and Bases | |
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| The Effects of the Medium on Acid and Base Strength | |
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| Effects of Structure and Medium on Reactivity | |
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| Resonance and Field Effects | |
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| Steric Effects | |
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| Quantitative Treatments of the Effect of Structure on Reactivity | |
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| Effect of Medium on Reactivity and Rate | |
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| High Pressure | |
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| Water and Other Non-Organic Solvents | |
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| Ionic Solvents | |
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| Solventless Reactions | |
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| Iupac Nomenclature for Transformations | |
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| Substitutions | |
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| Additions | |
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| Iupac System for Symbolic Representation of Mechanisms | |
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| Organic Syntheses References | |
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| Aliphatic Substitution, Nucleophilic and Organometallic | |
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| Mechanisms | |
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| The SN2 Mechanism | |
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| The SN1 Mechanism | |
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| Ion Pairs in the SN1 Mechanism | |
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| Mixed SN1 and SN2 Mechanisms | |
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| SET Mechanisms | |
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| The Neighboring-Group Mechanism | |
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| Neighboring-Group Participation by � and ? Bonds: Nonclassical Carbocations | |
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| The SNi Mechanism | |
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| Nucleophilic Substitution at an Allylic Carbon: Allylic Rearrangements | |
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| Nucleophilic Substitution at an Aliphatic Trigonal Carbon: The Tetrahedral Mechanism | |
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| Reactivity | |
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| The Effect of Substrate Structure | |
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| The Effect of the Attacking Nucleophile | |
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| The Effect of the Leaving Group | |
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| The Effect of the Reaction Medium | |
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| Phase-Transfer Catalysis | |
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| Influencing Reactivity by External Means | |
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| Ambident (Bidentant) Nucleophiles: Regioselectivity | |
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| Ambident Substrates | |
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| Reactions | |
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| Oxygen Nucleophiles | |
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| Sulfur Nucleophiles | |
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| Nitrogen Nucleophiles | |
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| Halogen Nucleophiles | |
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| Carbon Nucleophiles | |
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| Aromatic Substitution, Electrophilic | |
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| Mechanisms | |
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| The Arenium Ion Mechanism | |
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| The SE1 Mechanism | |
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| Orientation and Reactivity | |
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| Orientation and Reactivity in Monosubstituted Benzene Rings | |
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| The Ortho/Para Ratio | |
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| Ipso Attack | |
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| Orientation in Benzene Rings With More Than One Substituent | |
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| Orientation in Other Ring Systems | |
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| Quantitative Treatments of Reactivity in the Substrate | |
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| A Quantitative Treatment of Reactivity of the Electrophile: The Selectivity Relationship | |
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| The Effect of the Leaving Group | |
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| Reactions | |
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| Hydrogen as the Leaving Group in Simple Substitution Reactions | |
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| Hydrogen as the Leaving Group in Rearrangement Reactions | |
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| Other Leaving Groups | |
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| Aliphatic, Alkenyl, and Alkynyl Substitution, Electrophilic and Organometallic | |
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| Mechanisms | |
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| Bimolecular Mechanisms. SE2 and SEi | |
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| The SE1 Mechanism | |
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| Electrophilic Substitution Accompanied by Double-Bond Shifts | |
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| Other Mechanisms | |
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| Reactivity | |
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| REACTIONS | |
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| Hydrogen as Leaving Group | |
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| Metals as Leaving Groups | |
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| Halogen as Leaving Group | |
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| Carbon Leaving Groups | |
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| Electrophilic Substitution at Nitrogen | |
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| Aromatic Substitution, Nucleophilic and Organometallic | |
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| Mechanisms | |
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| The SNAr Mechanism | |
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| The SN1 Mechanism | |
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| The Benzyne Mechanism | |
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| The SRN1 Mechanism | |
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| Other Mechanisms | |
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| Reactivity | |
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| The Effect of Substrate Structure | |
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| The Effect of the Leaving Group | |
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| The Effect of the Attacking Nucleophile | |
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| Reactions | |
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| All Leaving Groups Except Hydrogen and N2+ | |
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| Hydrogen as Leaving Group | |
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| Nitrogen as Leaving Group | |
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| Rearrangements | |
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| Substitution Reactions, Radical | |
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| Mechanisms | |
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| Radical Mechanisms in General | |
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| Free-Radical Substitution Mechanisms | |
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| Mechanisms at an Aromatic Substrate | |
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| Neighboring-Group Assistance in Free-Radical Reactions | |
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| Reactivity | |
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| Reactivity for Aliphatic Substrates | |
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| Reactivity at a Bridgehead | |
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| Reactivity in Aromatic Substrates | |
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| Reactivity in the Attacking Radical | |
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| The Effect of Solvent on Reactivity | |
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| Reactions | |
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| Hydrogen as Leaving Group | |
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| N2 as Leaving Group | |
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| Metals as Leaving Groups | |
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| Halogen as Leaving Group | |
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| Sulfur as Leaving Group | |
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| Carbon as Leaving Group | |
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| Addition to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds | |
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| Mechanisms | |
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| Electrophilic Addition | |
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| Nucleophilic Addition | |
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| Free-Radical Addition | |
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| Cyclic Mechanisms | |
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| Orientation And Reactivity | |
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| Reactivity | |
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| Orientation | |
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| Stereochemical Orientation | |
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| Addition to Cyclopropane Rings | |
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| Reactions | |
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| Isomerization Of Double And Triple Bonds | |
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| Reactions In Which Hydrogen Adds To One Side | |
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| Reactions In Which Hydrogen Adds To Neither Side | |
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| Cycloaddition Reactions | |
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| Addition to Carbon-Hetero Multiple Bonds | |
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| Mechanism and Reactivity | |
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| Nucleophilic Substitution at an Aliphatic Trigonal Carbon. The Tetrahedral Mechanism | |
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| Reactions | |
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| Reactions In Which Hydrogen Or A Metallic Ion Adds To The Heteroatom | |
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| Acyl Substitution Reactions | |
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| Reactions In Which Carbon Adds To The Heteroatom | |
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| Addition To Isocyanides | |
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| Nucleophilic Substitution At A Sulfonyl Sulfur Atom | |
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| Eliminations | |
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| Mechanisms and Orientation | |
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| The E2 Mechanism | |
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| The E1 Mechanism | |
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| The E1cB Mechanism | |
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| The E1-E2-E1cB Spectrum | |
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| The E2C Mechanism | |
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| Regiochemistry of the Double Bond | |
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| Stereochemistry of the Double Bond | |
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| Reactivity | |
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| Effect of Substrate Structure | |
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| Effect of the Attacking Base | |
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| Effect of the Leaving Group | |
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| Effect of the Medium | |
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| Mechanisms and Orientation in Pyrolytic Eliminations | |
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| Mechanisms | |
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| Orientation in Pyrolytic Eliminations | |
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| 1,4 Conjugate Eliminations | |
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| Reactions | |
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| Reactions In Which C=C And C?C Bonds Are Formed | |
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| Fragmentations | |
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| Reactions In Which C?N Or C=N Bonds Are Formed | |
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| Reactions In Which C=O Bonds Are Formed | |
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| Reactions In Which N=N Bonds Are Formed | |
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| Extrusion Reactions | |
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| Rearrangements | |
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| Mechanisms | |
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| Nucleophilic Rearrangements | |
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| The Actual Nature of the Migration | |
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| Migratory Aptitudes | |
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| Memory Effects | |
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| Longer Nucleophilic Rearrangements | |
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| Free-Radical Rearrangements | |
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| Carbene Rearrangements | |
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| Electrophilic Rearrangements | |
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| Reactions | |
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| 1,2-Rearrangements | |
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| Non-1,2 Rearrangements | |
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| Oxidations and Reductions | |
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| Mechanisms | |
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| Reactions | |
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| Oxidations | |
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| Reductions | |
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| The Literature of Organic Chemistry | |
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| Primary Sources | |
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| Journals | |
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| Patents | |
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| Secondary Sources | |
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| Listings of Titles | |
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| Abstracts | |
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| Beilstein | |
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| Tables of Information | |
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| Reviews | |
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| Annual Reviews | |
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| Awareness Services | |
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| General Treatises | |
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| Monographs and Treatises on Specific Areas | |
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| Textbooks | |
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| Other Books | |
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| Literature Searching | |
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| Literature Searching Using Printed Materials | |
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| Literature Searching Online | |
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| Sci-Finder - the CAS database | |
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| Science Citation Index | |
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| How to Locate Journal Articles | |
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| Reaxys | |
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| Classification of Reactions by Type of Compounds Synthesized | |
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| Author Index | |
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| Index | |