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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| List of Symbols | |
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| Conservation Laws and Continua | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Conservation Laws: Systems Approach | |
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| Conservation Laws: Control Volume Approach | |
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| Conservation Laws: Differential Element Approach | |
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| Continua | |
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| Sources, Sinks, Reactions, and Box Models | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| References | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Low-Concentration Particle Suspensions and Flows | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Drag on a Sphere | |
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| Drag Force on Nonspherical Particles | |
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| Low Reynolds Number Particle Dynamics and Stokes' Law | |
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| Particle Motions in Electric Fields | |
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| Quiescent and Perfect-Mix Batch Sedimentation | |
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| Continuous Sedimentation Processes | |
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| Inertial Forces on Particles and Stopping Distance | |
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| Inertial Forces in Particle Flows | |
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| Rotating Flows | |
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| Centrifugation | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| References | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Interactions of Small Charged Particles | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Importance of Surface | |
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| Acquisition of Surface Charge | |
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| Particle Size, Shape, and Polydispersity | |
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| The Double Layer and Colloidal Stability | |
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| The Schulze-Hardy Rule | |
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| Electrophoresis and Zeta Potential | |
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| Particle Collision and Fast Coagulation | |
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| Slow Coagulation | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| References | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Adsorption, Partitioning, and Interfaces | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Accumulation of Solutes at Interfaces | |
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| Adsorption at Solid-Liquid and Solid-Gas Interfaces | |
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| Adsorption Isotherms | |
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| Linear Equilibrium Partitioning Between Two Phases | |
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| Partitioning and Separation in Flow Systems | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| References | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Basic Fluid Mechanics of Environmental Transport | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Joy of Fluid Mechanics | |
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| The Navier-Stokes Equations | |
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| Fluid Statics and the Buoyancy Force | |
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| Capillarity and Interfacial Tension | |
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| The Modified Pressure and Free-Surface Flows | |
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| Steady Unidirectional Circular Streamline Flows | |
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| Fluid Shear Stresses and the Viscosity of Newtonian Fluids | |
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| Slip Flow | |
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| Field-Flow Fractionation | |
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| Nonsteady Unidirectional Flows: Stokes' First Problem | |
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| Low Reynolds Number Flows | |
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| Ideal Fluids, Potential Flows, and Stream Functions | |
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| The Bernoulli Equation | |
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| Steady Viscous Momentum Boundary Layers | |
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| Turbulent Flows | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| References | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Diffusive Mass Transport | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Thermodynamics of Diffusion | |
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| Fick's First Law and General Diffusive Transport | |
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| The Diffusion Coefficient | |
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| Steady-State Diffusion Problems with No Overall Diffusive Mass Transfer | |
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| Steady-State Mass Balances Over Differential Elements | |
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| Fick's Second Law and Nonsteady-State Diffusion | |
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| Effective Diffusion Coefficients in Porous Media | |
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| Hindered Diffusion | |
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| When Chemicals Diffuse Against a Concentration Gradient | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| References | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Convective Diffusion, Dispersion, and Mass Transfer | |
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| Introduction and Simple Example of Convective Diffusion | |
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| The Convective-Diffusion Equation | |
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| Mass Transport in Steady Laminar Flow in a Cylindrical Tube | |
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| Taylor-Aris Dispersion | |
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| Turbulent Dispersion: The Lagrangian Approach | |
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| Turbulent Dispersion: The Eulerian Approach | |
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| Mass Transfer in Laminar Flow Along Reacting or Dissolving Solid Surfaces | |
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| Mass-Transfer Coefficients, Models, and Correlations for Laminar and Turbulent Flows | |
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| Interphase Mass Transport and Resistance Models | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| References | |
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| Filtration and Mass Transport in Porous Media | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Porosity, Velocity, and Porous Media Continua | |
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| Coefficients of Mechanical, Molecular, and Hydrodynamic Dispersion | |
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| Porous Media Dispersion Equation in a Homogeneous Isotropic Medium | |
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| Solution of the Dispersion Equation in an Infinite One-Dimensional Medium | |
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| Analytical Chromatography | |
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| Filtration | |
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| Osmotic Pressure and Reverse Osmosis | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| References | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Reaction Kinetics | |
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| Introduction | |
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| First-Order Reactions | |
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| Second-Order Reactions | |
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| Pseudo-First-Order Reactions | |
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| Zero-Order Reactions | |
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| Elementary and Nonelementary Reactions | |
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| Simple Series and Parallel Reactions | |
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| Reversible Reactions | |
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| Characteristic Reaction Times | |
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| Arrhenius' Law and the Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rate | |
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| The Fastest Reactions: Diffusion-Controlled Reactions | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| References | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Mixing and Reactor Modeling | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Simple Closed-Reactor and Residence-Time Distributions | |
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| Measurement of Residence-Time Distributions | |
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| Residence-Time Distributions from Discrete Data | |
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| Perfect Mixing and Ideal Plug Flow | |
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| F, W, and Disinfection | |
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| Moments of Residence-Time Distributions | |
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| Other Residence-Time Models | |
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| Axial-Dispersion Model | |
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| Fitting Residence-Time Distributions to Data | |
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| Mixing and Reactions | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| References | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| S I Units and Physical Constants | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Review of Vectors | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Equations of Fluid Mechanics and Convective Diffusion in Rectangular, Cylindrical, and Spherical Coordinates | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Physical Properties of Water and Air | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |