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| About the Author | |
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| Preface | |
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| Book Companion Website | |
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| A Note to the Student | |
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| Historical Perspective of Water use and Development | |
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| Drinking Water for Early Civilizations | |
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| Early Irrigation and Flood-Control Projects | |
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| Egypt | |
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| China | |
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| The Middle East | |
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| India, Spain, Portugal, and South America | |
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| North America | |
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| Early Water Transportation Development | |
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| Egypt and Greece | |
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| China | |
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| Europe | |
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| United States | |
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| Early Hydropower Development | |
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| The Hydrologic Cycle, Climate, and Weather | |
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| The Properties of Water | |
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| The Hydrologic Cycle | |
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| Precipitation | |
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| Measuring Precipitation | |
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| Runoff | |
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| Surface and Groundwater Storage | |
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| Lakes and Reservoirs | |
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| Case Study Great Salt Lake of Utah | |
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| Case Study The Aral Sea of Uzbekistan | |
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| Wetlands | |
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| Groundwater | |
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| Evaporation | |
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| Condensation | |
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| Guest Essay Fog Harvesting by Dr. Robert S. Schemenauer | |
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| Climate and Weather | |
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| Overview | |
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| Climate | |
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| Air Currents | |
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| Ocean Currents | |
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| Tilt of the Earth's Axis | |
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| Monitoring Climate Change | |
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| Urban Microclimates | |
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| Guest Essay Urbanization and Its Effects on Key Atmospheric and Surface Water Cycles by Dr. J. Marshall Shepherd | |
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| Processes | |
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| Weather | |
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| Temperature | |
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| Air Pressure | |
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| Humidity | |
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| Heating | |
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| Wind Speed and Direction | |
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| Weather Modification | |
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| Floods | |
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| Drought | |
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| Surface Water Hydrology | |
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| What Is Surface Water Hydrology? | |
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| Watersheds | |
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| Delineating a Watershed | |
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| Overland Flow | |
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| Rivers | |
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| Components of a River | |
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| River Morphology | |
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| Types of Rivers | |
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| Gradient | |
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| Lakes | |
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| Types of Lakes | |
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| Ecological Zones | |
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| Thermal Cycles | |
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| Seiches | |
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| Water Measurement | |
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| Overland Flow | |
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| River Discharge | |
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| Water Storage in Lakes and Reservoirs | |
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| Flood Events | |
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| Flood Frequency | |
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| Probable Maximum Precipitation | |
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| Probable Maximum Flood | |
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| Guest Essay GIS and Flooding by Jake Freier | |
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| Transport and Deposition | |
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| Velocity | |
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| Sediment Load | |
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| Groundwater Hydrology | |
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| What Is Groundwater? | |
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| What Is Groundwater Hydrology? | |
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| The Geology of Groundwater | |
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| Sedimentary Rocks | |
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| Guest Essay Sinkholes by Carlos Herd | |
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| Glaciated Terrain | |
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| Alluvial Valleys | |
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| Tectonic Activity | |
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| Groundwater Recharge | |
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| Aquifers | |
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| Aquifer Types | |
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| Properties of Aquifers | |
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| Groundwater Movement | |
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| Age of Groundwater | |
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| Locating and Mapping Groundwater | |
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| Drilling a Groundwater Well | |
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| Water Quality | |
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| Water Pollution | |
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| Point Source and Nonpoint Source Pollution | |
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| Point Source Pollution | |
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| Nonpoint Source Pollution | |
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| Basic Parameters of Water | |
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| Temperature | |
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| Dissolved Oxygen | |
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| pH | |
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| Turbidity | |
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| Hardness | |
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| Inorganic Chemicals | |
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| Metals | |
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| Lead | |
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| Arsenic | |
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| Minerals | |
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| Salt | |
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| Policy Issue | |
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| Fluoride | |
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| Selenium | |
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| Organic Chemicals | |
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| Natural Organic Chemicals | |
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| Synthetic Organic Compounds | |
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| Pesticides | |
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| Nutrients | |
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| Nitrogen | |
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| Phosphorus | |
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| The Nitrogen Cycle | |
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| Nitrogen Fixation | |
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| Mineralization/Ammonification | |
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| Nitrification | |
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| Denitrification | |
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| The Phosphorus Cycle | |
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| Eutrophication | |
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| Waterborne Diseases | |
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| Historical Problems | |
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| Microorganisms | |
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| Indicator Organisms | |
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| Other Waterborne Organisms | |
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| Water Quality Management | |
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| Fate and Transport | |
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| Fate and Transport in Surface Water | |
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| Fate and Transport in Groundwater | |
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| Guest Essay Managing Data for a Groundwater Restoration Project by Dr. Curt Elmore | |
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| Wellhead Protection Programs | |
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| Organization | |
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| Delineation | |
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| Contamination Source Inventory | |
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| Source Management | |
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| Contingency Planning | |
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| Watershed Protection Programs | |
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| Total Maximum Daily Loads | |
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| Guest Essay Lake Okeechobee TMDLs by Dr. David Radcliffe and Dr. Todd Rasmussen | |
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| Water Sampling | |
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| Municipal and Irrigation Water Development | |
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| Municipal Water Systems | |
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| Case Study Los Angeles Department of Water and Power | |
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| Case Study Lincoln Water System | |
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| Case Study New York City Department of Environmental Protection | |
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| Guest Study Construction of City Tunnel #3 by Eileen M. Schnock | |
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| Irrigation | |
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| Historical Perspective | |
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| The need for Irrigation | |
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| Irrigation Techniques | |
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| Gravity Irrigation | |
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| Sprinkler Irrigation | |
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| Drip Irrigation | |
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| Dams | |
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| Dam Basics | |
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| Purposes of Dams | |
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| Components of Dams | |
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| Types of Dams | |
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| Dam Operations | |
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| Case Study Hoover Dam and Lake Mead, Nevada/Arizona | |
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| Case Study Kingsley Dam and Lake McConaughy, Nebraska | |
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| Case Study Grand Coulee Dam and Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, Washington State | |
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| Cost-Benefit Analysis | |
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| Impacts of Dams | |
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| Guest Essay Forced Urbanization: The Three Gorges Dam Relocation Process by Colin Flahive | |
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| Dams and Locks for Navigation | |
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| Guest Essay Navigation on the Tennessee River by Ted Nelson | |
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| Water Allocation Law | |
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| Ancient Water Allocation Law | |
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| Code of Hammurabi | |
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| Justinian Code | |
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| Ancient Riparian Doctrine | |
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| Water Allocation Law: 1200-1799 | |
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| Spanish Water Law | |
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| First Possession | |
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| English Common Law: 1200-1799 | |
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| Mill Acts of the Eastern United States | |
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| Water Allocation Law: 1800-1847 | |
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| Code Napol�on | |
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| Riparian Doctrine: 1800-1847 | |
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| Tyler v. Wilkinson | |
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| Water Allocation Law in the Western United States: 1800-1847 | |
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| Water Allocation Law: 1848-1899 | |
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| Riparian Doctrine | |
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| Doctrine of Prior Appropriation: 1848-1899 | |
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| The California Gold Rush | |
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| The Colorado Gold Rush | |
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| Water Allocation Law: 1900-Present | |
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| Riparian Doctrine | |
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| Doctrine of Prior Appropriation: 1900-Present | |
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| Interstate River Compacts | |
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| Selected River Compacts | |
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| Colorado River Compact of 1922 | |
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| Niagara River Water Diversion Treaty of 1950 | |
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| Delaware River Compact of 1961 | |
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| Groundwater Allocation Law | |
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| Historical Perspective | |
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| Role of the Federal Government | |
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| Legal Properties of Groundwater | |
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| Federal Reserved Water Rights | |
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| Guest Essay Stream Subflow and Water Rights by John Regan | |
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| Federal Water Agencies | |
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| U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) | |
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| Overview | |
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| Brief History and Duties | |
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| Navigation Duties | |
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| Flood-Control Duties | |
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| Wetlands Protection Duties | |
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| U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) | |
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| Overview | |
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| Brief History | |
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| National Irrigation Congresses | |
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| The Reclamation Act of 1902 | |
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| The Anti-Dam Construction Era | |
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| U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) | |
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| Overview | |
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| Brief History | |
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| U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) | |
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| Overview | |
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| Brief History | |
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| U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | |
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| Overview | |
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| Brief History | |
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| National Park Service (NPS) | |
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| Overview | |
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| Brief History | |
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| Bureau of Land Management (BLM) | |
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| Overview | |
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| Brief History | |
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| Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) | |
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| Overview | |
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| Brief History | |
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| U.S. Forest Service (USFS) | |
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| Overview | |
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| Brief History | |
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| Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) | |
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| Overview and Brief History | |
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| National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) | |
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| Overview and Brief History | |
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| Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) | |
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| Overview and Brief History | |
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| Local, Regional, State, and Multistate Water Management Agencies | |
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| Local Water Agencies | |
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| Municipal Water Departments | |
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| Historical Overview | |
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| Water and Sewer Districts | |
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| Overview | |
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| Example: Highline Water District, Kent, Washington | |
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| Levee and Flood-Control Districts | |
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| Historical Overview | |
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| Levee Districts | |
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| Flood-Control Districts | |
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| Example: Pima County Regional Flood Control District, Tucson, Arizona | |
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| Mutual Ditch and Irrigation Companies | |
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| Historical Overview | |
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| Regional Water Agencies | |
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| Overview | |
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| Irrigation Districts | |
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| Example: Farwell Irrigation District, Farwell, Nebraska | |
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| Conservancy/Conservation Districts | |
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| Example: Miami Conservancy District, Dayton, Ohio | |
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| Natural Resources Districts-Nebraska | |
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| Example: Papio-Missouri River Natural Resources District, Omaha, Nebraska | |
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| Groundwater Management Districts-Kansas | |
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| Example: Northwest Kansas Groundwater Management District No. 4, Colby, Kansas | |
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| Water Management Districts-Florida | |
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| State Water Agencies | |
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| State of Arizona Water Agencies | |
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| State of Rhode Island Water Agencies | |
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| Multistate Water Agencies | |
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| Chesapeake Bay Commission | |
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| Missouri River Basin Association | |
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| Water Management in Mexico and Canada | |
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| Overview | |
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| Guest Essay Water Management in Mexico by Dr. Alvaro A. Aldama | |
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| Guest Essay Water Management in Canada: The Inter-Jurisdictional Context by Ralph L. Pentland | |
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| Careers | |
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| Drinking-Water and Wastewater Treatment | |
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| Historical Perspective on Drinking-Water Treatment | |
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| Guest Essay Water Desalination in the Middle East: One of the Realistic Options by Dr. Fares M. Howari | |
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| Federal Protection of Drinking Water in the United States | |
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| Drinking-Water Treatment Process | |
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| Protection of Water Quality | |
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| Intakes for Raw Water | |
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| Case Study Department of Water Management, City of Chicago, Illinois | |
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| Pretreatment of Drinking Water | |
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| Flocculation/Coagulation | |
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| Filtration | |
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| Case Study Sewerage and Water Board, City of New Orleans, Louisiana | |
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| Final Drinking-Water Treatment | |
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| Distribution System | |
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| Historical Perspective on Wastewater Treatment | |
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| Wastewater Treatment Process | |
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| Primary Treatment | |
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| Secondary Treatment | |
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| Tertiary Treatment | |
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| Nutrient Removal | |
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| Septic Tanks and Leach Fields | |
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| Wetlands and Water Treatment | |
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| Water, Fish, and Wildlife | |
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| Early Fish and Wildlife Protection | |
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| Fish and Wildlife Protection in the 20th Century | |
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| Wild and Scenic Rivers Act | |
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| National Environmental Policy Act | |
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| Endangered Species Act | |
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| Wetlands and Wildlife | |
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| Case Study Snail Darters and the Little Tennessee River | |
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| Case Study Whooping Cranes and the Platte River | |
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| Case Study Salmon and the Columbia River | |
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| Human-Environment Relationship | |
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| Guest Essay Careers in Fish and Wildlife Management by Larry Rogstad | |
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| The Economics of Water | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Value of Water | |
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| Water as a Public versus a Private Good | |
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| Privatization | |
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| Water Affordability | |
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| Water Marketing | |
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| Surface Water Marketing | |
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| Groundwater Marketing | |
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| Water Banking | |
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| Pollution Fees and Credits | |
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| Environmental Values | |
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| Water Use Conflicts | |
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| Reasons for Water Use Conflicts | |
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| Texas | |
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| Guest Essay Water Planning in Texas by Connie Townsend | |
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| Alabama and Florida versus | |
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| Georgia | |
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| Northern and Southern California | |
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| Canada | |
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| The Middle East | |
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| Religious/Political Background | |
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| Water Resources in the Middle East | |
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| West Bank Mountain Aquifer | |
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| Jordan River | |
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| Tigris and Euphrates Rivers | |
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| Tragedy of the Commons | |
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| Emerging Water Issues | |
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| Future Global Water Management Issues | |
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| Population | |
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| Lack of Wastewater Treatment | |
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| Environmental Degradation | |
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| "Business as Usual" | |
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| Future Global Water Management Solutions | |
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| Privatization of Water Treatment and Delivery | |
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| "Technology Saves the Day" | |
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| Groundwater Recharge | |
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| Water Conservation | |
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| Dam Construction | |
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| "Global Warming Floods the World" | |
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| Water Education | |
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| The Watercourse and International Project Wet | |
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| Water Education Foundation | |
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| Groundwater Foundation | |
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| American Ground Water Trust | |
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| Stockholm International Water Institute | |
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| The Need for Cooperation | |
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| The Human Factor | |
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| Ethics | |
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| The Power of the Individual | |
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| "Space Is the Answer" | |
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| Guest Essay Where Do We Go from Here? by Susan S. Seacrest | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Appendix | |
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| Reading Topographic Maps | |
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| Selected Environmental and Conservation Organizations | |
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| Ducks Unlimited | |
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| Environmental Defense Fund | |
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| National Audubon Society | |
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| National Wildlife Federation | |
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| Nature Conservancy | |
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| Nature Resources Defense Council | |
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| Sierra Club | |
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| Trout Unlimited | |
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| Wilderness Society | |
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| Photo and Illustration Credits | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |