| |
| |
Preface | |
| |
| |
| |
Newton's Laws for Particles and Rigid Bodies | |
| |
| |
| |
Newton's Second Law | |
| |
| |
| |
Coordinate Frames and Velocity and Acceleration Diagrams | |
| |
| |
Rectangular Coordinates | |
| |
| |
Polar Coordinates | |
| |
| |
Coordinate Choice and Degrees-of-Freedom | |
| |
| |
| |
Free-Body and Force Diagrams | |
| |
| |
| |
Transferring Velocity and Acceleration Components | |
| |
| |
| |
Transferring Motion Components of Rigid Bodies and Generating Kinematic Constraints | |
| |
| |
Kinematic Constraints | |
| |
| |
| |
Review of Center of Mass, Linear Momentum, and Angular Momentum for Rigid Bodies | |
| |
| |
| |
Newton's Law Applied to Rigid Bodies | |
| |
| |
Reference | |
| |
| |
Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
Equations of Motion in Second- and First-Order Form | |
| |
| |
| |
Deriving Equations of Motion for Systems of Particles | |
| |
| |
| |
Deriving Equations of Motion When Rigid Bodies Are Part of the System | |
| |
| |
| |
Forms of Equations and Their Computational Solution | |
| |
| |
First-Order State Equations | |
| |
| |
Explicit Form | |
| |
| |
Fundamentals of Computer-Developed Time-Step Simulation | |
| |
| |
Implicit Form | |
| |
| |
Differential Algebraic Form | |
| |
| |
| |
Reducing Sets of Second-Order Differential Equations to First-Order Form | |
| |
| |
| |
Matrix Forms for Linearized Equations | |
| |
| |
Quarter-Car Model for Vibration Analysis | |
| |
| |
Half-Car Model for Vibration Analysis and Control | |
| |
| |
Linearization of the Inverted Pendulum | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
Computer Solution of Equations of Motion | |
| |
| |
| |
Time-Step Simulation of Nonlinear-Equations of Motion | |
| |
| |
| |
Linear System Response | |
| |
| |
Eigenvalues and Their Relationship to System Stability | |
| |
| |
Transfer Functions | |
| |
| |
Frequency Response | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
Energy and Lagrange Equation Methods | |
| |
| |
| |
Kinetic and Potential Energy | |
| |
| |
| |
Using Conservation of Energy to Derive Equations of Motion | |
| |
| |
| |
Equations of Motion from Lagrange's Equations | |
| |
| |
Generalized Coordinates | |
| |
| |
Lagrange's Equations | |
| |
| |
Generalized Forces | |
| |
| |
Imposed Motion | |
| |
| |
| |
Interpretation of Lagrange's Equations | |
| |
| |
| |
Nonlinear Kinematics and Lagrange's Equations | |
| |
| |
Approximate Method for Satisfying Constraints | |
| |
| |
| |
First-Order Forms for Lagrange's Equations | |
| |
| |
Example System | |
| |
| |
Comments Regarding the Use of p and q Variables in Simulation | |
| |
| |
| |
Nonholonomic Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
Newton's Laws in a Body-Fixed Frame: Application to Vehicle Dynamics | |
| |
| |
| |
The Dynamics of a Shopping Cart | |
| |
| |
Inertial Coordinate System | |
| |
| |
Body-Fixed Coordinate System | |
| |
| |
Connection between Inertial and Body-Fixed Frames | |
| |
| |
| |
Analysis of a Simple Car Model | |
| |
| |
| |
Vehicle Stability | |
| |
| |
| |
Stability, Critical Speed, Understeer, and Oversteer | |
| |
| |
| |
Steering Transfer Functions | |
| |
| |
Yaw Rate and Lateral Acceleration Gains | |
| |
| |
Special Case of the Neutral Steering Vehicle | |
| |
| |
| |
Steady Cornering | |
| |
| |
Description of Steady Turns | |
| |
| |
Significance of the Understeering Coefficient | |
| |
| |
Acceleration and Yaw Rate Gain Behavior | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
Mechanical Systems under Active Control | |
| |
| |
| |
Basic Concepts | |
| |
| |
Characteristic Equation | |
| |
| |
Transfer Functions | |
| |
| |
State-Variable Feedback | |
| |
| |
| |
State Variables and Active Control | |
| |
| |
Compromises in Passive Vibration Isolation | |
| |
| |
Active Control in Vibration Isolation | |
| |
| |
Optimized Active Vibration Isolator | |
| |
| |
| |
Steering Control of Banking Vehicles | |
| |
| |
Development of the Mathematical Model | |
| |
| |
Derivation of the Dynamic Equations | |
| |
| |
Stability of the Lean Angle | |
| |
| |
Steering Control of the Lean Angle | |
| |
| |
Counter Steering or Reverse Action | |
| |
| |
| |
Active Control of Vehicle Dynamics | |
| |
| |
Stability and Control | |
| |
| |
From ABS to VDC | |
| |
| |
Model Reference Control | |
| |
| |
Active Steering Systems | |
| |
| |
Stability Augmentation Using Front, Rear, or All-Wheel Steering | |
| |
| |
Feedback Model Following Active Steering Control | |
| |
| |
Sliding Mode Control | |
| |
| |
Active Steering Applied to the Bicycle Model of an Automobile | |
| |
| |
Active Steering Yaw Rate Controller | |
| |
| |
Limitations of Active Stability Enhancement | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
Rigid-Body Motion in Three Dimensions | |
| |
| |
| |
General Equations of Motion | |
| |
| |
| |
Use of a Body-Fixed Coordinate Frame | |
| |
| |
Euler's Equations | |
| |
| |
Spin Stabilization of Satellites | |
| |
| |
| |
Use of an Inertial Coordinate Frame | |
| |
| |
Euler's Angles | |
| |
| |
Kinetic Energy | |
| |
| |
Steady Precession of Gyroscopes | |
| |
| |
Dynamics of Gyroscopes | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
Vibration of Multiple-Degree-of-Freedom Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Natural Frequency and Resonance of a Single-Degree-of-Freedom Oscillator | |
| |
| |
Free Response | |
| |
| |
Forced Response | |
| |
| |
Comparison of Two Suspension Geometries | |
| |
| |
| |
Two-Degree-of-Freedom Systems | |
| |
| |
Free, Undamped Response | |
| |
| |
Forced Response of Two-Degree-of-Freedom Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Tuned Vibration Absorbers | |
| |
| |
Some Configurations for TVAs | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
Distributed System Vibrations | |
| |
| |
| |
Stress Waves in a Rod | |
| |
| |
Free Response: Separation of Variables | |
| |
| |
Forced Response | |
| |
| |
Orthogonality of Mode Functions | |
| |
| |
Representation of Point Forces | |
| |
| |
Rigid-Body Mode | |
| |
| |
Back to the Forced Response | |
| |
| |
| |
Attaching the Distributed System to External Dynamic Components | |
| |
| |
| |
Tightly Stretched Cable | |
| |
| |
Free Response: Separation of Variables | |
| |
| |
Forced Response | |
| |
| |
| |
Bernoulli-Euler Beam | |
| |
| |
Free Response: Separation of Variables | |
| |
| |
Forced Response | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
Three-Dimensional Rigid-Body Motion in a Rotating Coordinate System | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
| |
Moments of Inertia for Some Common Body Shapes | |
| |
| |
| |
Parallel Axis Theorem | |
| |
| |
Index | |