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Acknowledgements | |
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List of Acronyms | |
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Series Preface | |
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Introduction | |
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Review of Fuel Systems Issues | |
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Basic Fuel System Characteristics and Functions | |
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Fuel Quantity Measurement | |
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Fuel Properties and Environmental Issues | |
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The Fuel System Design and Development Process | |
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Program Management | |
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Design and Development Support Tools | |
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Functional Maturity | |
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Testing and Certification | |
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Fuel System Examples and Future Technologies | |
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Terminology | |
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Fuel System Design Drivers | |
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Design Drivers | |
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Intended Aircraft Mission | |
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Dispatch Reliability Goals | |
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Fuel Tank Boundaries and Tank Location Issues | |
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Measurement and Management System Functional Requirements | |
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Electrical Power Management Architecture and Capacity | |
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Identification and Mitigation of Safety Risks | |
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Fuel System Risks | |
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Fuel Storage | |
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Tank Geometry and Location Issues for Commercial Aircraft | |
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Operational Considerations | |
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CG Shift due to Fuel Storage | |
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Unusable Fuel | |
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Fuel Tank Venting | |
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Vent System Sizing | |
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Military Aircraft Fuel Storage Issues | |
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Drop Tanks and Conformal Tanks | |
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Closed Vent Systems | |
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Maintenance Considerations | |
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Access | |
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Contamination | |
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Fuel System Functions of Commercial Aircraft | |
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Refueling and Defueling | |
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Pressure Refueling | |
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Defueling | |
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Engine and APU Feed | |
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Feed Tank and Engine Location Effects | |
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Feed Pumping Systems | |
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Feed Tank Scavenging | |
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Negative g Considerations | |
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Crossfeed | |
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Integrated Feed System Solution | |
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Feed System Design Practices | |
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Fuel Transfer | |
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Fuel Burn Scheduling | |
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Wing Load Alleviation | |
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Fuel Transfer System Design Requirements | |
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Fuel Jettison | |
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Jettison System Example | |
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Fuel Quantity Gauging | |
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Architectural Considerations | |
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Fuel Load Planning | |
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Leak Detection | |
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Fuel Management and Control | |
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Refuel Distribution | |
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In-flight Fuel Management | |
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Fuel Management System Architecture Considerations | |
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Flight Deck Displays, Warnings and Advisories | |
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Ancillary Systems | |
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Fuel System Functions of Military Aircraft and Helicopters | |
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Refueling and Defueling | |
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Pressure Refueling | |
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Defueling | |
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Engine and APU Feed | |
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Fuel Transfer | |
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Aerial Refueling | |
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Design and Operational Issues Associated with Aerial Refueling | |
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Flying Boom System | |
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Probe and Drogue Systems | |
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Fuel Measurement and Management Systems in Military Applications | |
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KC-135 Aerial Refueling Tanker Fuel Measurement and Management System | |
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Helicopter Fuel Systems | |
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Fluid Mechanical Equipment | |
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Ground Refueling and Defueling Equipment | |
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Refueling and Defueling Adaptors | |
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Refuel Shut-off Valves | |
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Fuel Transfer Valves | |
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Fuel Tank Venting and Pressurization Equipment | |
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Aerial Refueling Equipment | |
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The Flying Boom System Equipment | |
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The Probe and Drogue System Equipment | |
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Equipment Sizing | |
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Valve Configuration and Pressure Drop Estimation | |
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Fuel Pumps | |
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Ejector Pumps | |
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Motor-driven pumps | |
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Fuel Measurement and Management Equipment | |
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Fuel Gauging Sensor Technology | |
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Capacitance Gauging | |
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Ultrasonic Gauging | |
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Density Sensor Technology | |
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Level Sensing | |
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Secondary Gauging | |
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Harnesses | |
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In-Tank Harnesses | |
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Out-Tank Harnesses | |
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Avionics Equipment | |
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Requirements | |
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Data Concentration | |
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Avionics Integration | |
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Integration of Fuel Management | |
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Fuel Quantity Display | |
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Fuel Properties | |
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The Refinement Process | |
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Fuel Specification Properties of Interest | |
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Distillation Process Limits | |
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Flashpoint | |
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Vapor Pressure | |
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Viscosity | |
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Freeze Point | |
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Density | |
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Thermal Stability | |
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Operational Considerations | |
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Fuel Temperature Considerations-Feed and Transfer | |
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Fuel Property Issues Associated with Quantity Gauging | |
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Intrinsic Safety, Electro Magnetics and Electrostatics | |
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Intrinsic Safety | |
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Threats from Energy Storage within the Signal Conditioning Avionics | |
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Lightning | |
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Threats from Induced Transients in Electronic Equipment | |
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Protecting the Signal Conditioning Avionics from Lightning | |
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EMI/HIRF | |
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Threats from HIRE Energy Transfer | |
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Protecting the Signal Conditioning Avionics from HIRF | |
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Electrostatics | |
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Fuel Tank Inerting | |
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Early Military Inerting Systems | |
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Current Technology Inerting Systems | |
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Military Aircraft Inerting Systems | |
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Commercial Aircraft Inerting Systems | |
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Design Considerations for Open Vent Systems | |
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Operational Issues with Permeable Membrane Inerting Systems | |
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Fiber In-service Performance | |
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Separator Performance Measurement | |
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NEA Distribution | |
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Design Development and Certification | |
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Evolution of the Design and Development Process | |
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System Design and Development - a Disciplined Methodology | |
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The 'V' Diagram | |
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Software Development | |
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Program Management | |
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Supplier Team Organization | |
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Risk Management | |
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Management Activities | |
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Maturity Management | |
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Installation Considerations | |
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Modeling and Simulation | |
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Certification | |
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Certification of Commercial Aircraft Fuel Systems | |
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Flight Test Considerations | |
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Certification of Military Aircraft Fuel Systems | |
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Fuel System Icing Tests | |
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Icing Test Rigs | |
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Fuel Conditioning | |
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Fuel System Design Examples | |
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The Bombardier Global ExpressTM | |
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Fuel Storage | |
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Fluid Mechanical System Design | |
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Fuel Measurement and Management | |
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Flight Deck Equipment | |
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Operational Considerations | |
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Embraer 170/190 Regional Jet | |
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Fuel Storage and Venting | |
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The Refuel and Defuel System | |
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In-flight Operation | |
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System Architecture | |
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Fuel Quantity Gauging | |
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In-service Maturity | |
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The Boeing 777 Wide-Bodied Airliner | |
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Fuel Storage | |
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Fluid-Mechanical System | |
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Fuel Measurement and Management | |
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The Airbus A380 Wide-Bodied Airliner | |
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Fuel Storage | |
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Fluid-Mechanical System | |
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Fuel Measurement and Management System (FMMS) | |
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The Anglo-French Concorde | |
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Fuel System Operational and Thermal Design Issues | |
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Refuel System | |
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Fuel Transfer and Jettison | |
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Fuel Feed | |
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Vent System | |
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New and Future Technologies | |
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Fuel Measurement and Management | |
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Fuel Measurement | |
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Fuel Management | |
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Fluid Mechanical Equipment Technology | |
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Fuel Valve Technology | |
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Revolutionary Fuel Pump and Valve Technology | |
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Aerial Refueling Operations | |
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References | |
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Index | |