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| Foreword | |
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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Security, Anxiety, and Distress | |
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| Prototypes of Human Sorrow | |
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| Responses of young children to separation from mother | |
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| Conditions leading to intense responses | |
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| Conditions mitigating the intensity of responses | |
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| Presence or absence of mother figure: a key variable | |
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| The Place of Separation and Loss in Psychopathology | |
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| Problem and perspective | |
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| Separation anxiety and other forms of anxiety | |
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| A challenge for theory | |
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| Behaviour with and without Mother: Humans | |
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| Naturalistic observations | |
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| Experimental Studies | |
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| Ontogeny of responses to separation | |
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| Behaviour with and without Mother: Non-human Primates | |
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| Naturalistic observations | |
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| Early experimental studies | |
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| Further studies by Hinde and Spencer-Booth | |
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| An Ethological Approach to Human Fear | |
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| Basic Postulates in Theories of Anxiety and Fear | |
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| Anxiety allied to fear | |
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| Models of motivation and their effects on theory | |
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| Puzzling phobia or natural fear | |
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| Forms of Behaviour Indicative of Fear | |
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| An empirical approach | |
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| Withdrawal behaviour and attachment behaviour | |
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| Feeling afraid and its variants: feeling alarmed and feeling anxious | |
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| Situations that Arouse Fear in Humans | |
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| A difficult field of study | |
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| Fear-arousing situations: the first year | |
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| Fear-arousing situations: the second and later years | |
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| Compound situations | |
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| Fear behaviour and the development of attachment | |
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| Situations that Arouse Fear in Animals | |
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| Natural clues to potential danger | |
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| Fear behaviour of non-human primates | |
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| Compound situations | |
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| Fear, attack, and exploration | |
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| Natural Clues to Danger and Safety | |
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| Better safe than sorry | |
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| Potential danger of being alone | |
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| Potential safety of familiar companions and environment | |
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| Maintaining a stable relationship with the familiar environment: a form of homeostasis | |
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| Natural Clues, Cultural Clues, and the Assessment of Danger | |
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| Clues of three kinds | |
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| Real danger: difficulties of assessment | |
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| 'Imaginary' dangers | |
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| Cultural clues learnt from others | |
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| Continuing role of the natural clues | |
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| Behaviour in disaster | |
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| Rationalization, Misattribution, and Projection | |
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| Difficulties in identifying situations that arouse fear | |
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| Misattribution and the role of projection | |
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| The case of Schreber: a re-examination | |
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| Fear of Separation | |
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| Hypotheses regarding its development | |
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| Need for two terminologies | |
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| Individual Differences in Susceptibility to Fear: Anxious Attachment | |
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| Some Variables responsible for Individual Differences | |
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| Constitutional variables | |
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| Experiences and processes that reduce susceptibility to fear | |
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| Experiences and processes that increase susceptibility to fear | |
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| Susceptibility to Fear and the Availability of Attachment Figures | |
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| Forecasting the availability of an attachment figure | |
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| Working models of attachment figures and of self | |
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| The role of experience in determining working models | |
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| A note on use of the terms 'mature' and 'immature' | |
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| Anxious Attachment and Some Conditions that Promote it | |
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| 'Overdependency' or anxious attachment | |
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| Anxious attachment of children reared without a permanent mother figure | |
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| Anxious attachment after a period of separation or of daily substitute care | |
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| Anxious attachment following threats of abandonment or suicide | |
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| 'Overdependency' and the Theory of Spoiling | |
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| Some contrasting theories | |
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| Studies of 'overdependency' and its antecedents | |
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| Anger, Anxiety, and Attachment | |
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| Anger: a response to separation | |
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| Anger: functional and dysfunctional | |
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| Anger, ambivalence, and anxiety | |
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| Anxious Attachment and the 'Phobias' of Childhood | |
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| Phobia, pseudophobia, and anxiety state | |
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| 'School phobia' or school refusal | |
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| Two classical cases of childhood phobia: a reappraisal | |
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| Animal phobias in childhood | |
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| Anxious Attachment and 'Agoraphobia' | |
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| Symptomatology and theories of 'agoraphobia' | |
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| Pathogenic patterns of family interaction | |
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| 'Agoraphobia', bereavement, and depression | |
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| A note on response to treatment | |
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| Omission, Suppression, and Falsification of Family Context | |
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| Secure Attachment and the Growth of Self-reliance | |
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| Personality development and family experience | |
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| Studies of adolescents and young adults | |
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| Studies of young children | |
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| Self-reliance and reliance on others | |
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| Pathways for the Growth of Personality | |
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| The nature of individual variation: alternative models | |
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| Developmental pathways and homeorhesis | |
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| One person's pathway: some determinants | |
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| Appendices | |
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| Separation Anxiety: Review of Literature | |
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| Psychoanalysis and Evolution Theory | |
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| Problems of Terminology | |
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| Additional Notes | |
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| References | |
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| Additional References | |
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| Index | |